CMOS Technologies for VLSI Circuits

Despite of the circuit innovations, such as dynamic and edge triggered circuitries with lots of internal clocks, NMOS LSI's are now reaching to power dissipation and operational margin limits, while losing their simplicity in process steps. On the contrary, CMOS is accelerating towards downward scaling, still maintaining inherent advantages over NMOS, such as very low power dissipation, high noise immunity, a wider power supply range and an extended temperature range. In addition to ultra-low-power applications, where nothing else could do, CMOS is now recognized as a most promising contender in a VLSI race. This paper will consider CMOS technologies for VLSI circuits in the following categories.