1.1-$\mu$m-Range High-Speed Tunnel Junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We have developed novel 1.1-mum-range buried type-II tunnel junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a dielectric mirror for high-speed optical interconnections. A relaxation oscillation frequency of 27 GHz was achieved. The maximum 3-dB bandwidth was over 24 GHz. Error-free 30-Gb/s operation using a 2
⁷
-1-length pseudorandom bit sequence was demonstrated using directly modulated multimode VCSELs.