A 2-D Phase-Detecting/Heterodyne-Scanning Retrodirective Array

A 2-D retrodirective array based on phase detection and heterodyne scanning is presented. The system integrates two single voltage-controlled oscillator phase-shifting networks that are autonomously controlled via a phase-detecting array and control circuit that eliminates the R
⁴
path loss typical of other retrodirective arrays. Retrodirectivity is reported for angles of 0deg, +15deg, and -15deg at a transmitting frequency of 6.5 GHz.