Ferromagnetism in Ti-Doped ZnO Nanoclusters above Room Temperature

ZnO is doped with different transition metal (TM) elements, to form diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). Ferromagnetic behavior above RT is observed when 5% of non-magnetic titanium is doped into ZnO nanoclusters. 5% Ti-doped ZnO nanoclusters are prepared at RT using a third generation cluster source that utilizes a combination of high-pressure magneto-sputtering and aggregation. Doped clusters are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). SQUID magnetometer measures magnetic properties of doped clusters at various temperatures (5 to 400 K). The coercivity, remanent magnetization and hysteresis loop of the clusters are measured.