Defibrillation Recovery Curves for Different Electrode Materials

We tested 16 electrode materials for their electrical characteristics and normalized all results to a 1 cm2 area. The electrode pair impedance versus frequency from 5 to 2000 Hz ranged from 20 to 58 000 Ω. We passed 2 mC through them in less than 5 ms to simulate defibrillation discharge. The resulting recovery curves showed voltage offsets after 5 s of from 300 to 800 mV.