Lines of Force for a Hertzian Electric Dipole

The generation of electromagnetic waves by a Hertzian electric dipole having a current with a nonsinusoidal time variation is described in terms of magnetic flux lines called lines of force. The magnetic flux depends on the time variation of the current, the normalized distance from the radiator and the time variation of the integral of the current. The radiation of electromagnetic waves and their propagation is described by the lines of force in the near zone and the far zone, respectively. When the large-distance approximation is made, the magnetic flux depends on the time variation of the current only, and the lines of force generated will propagate away from the radiator. Plots of lines of force at several observation times are presented where the near zone and the far zone identified.