White light spectral analysis of lithium niobate waveguides

In this paper, the usefulness of evaluating optical channel waveguides in lithium niobate with white light illumination is shown. Spectral data can be interpreted to show various regimes of waveguide operation from multi-mode to cutoff, and input coupling coefficients and attenuation factors are derived for these different modes. This technique is shown to be useful as a monitor both for process development and process consistency. Finally, both a Mach-Zehnder and a phase modulator are swept under bias and analyzed.<
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