Smart autopilots

A simulation comparison of autopilots based on proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) and pseudoderivative feedback (PDF) algorithms showed the superiority of PDF autopilots over PID ones. An autopilot based on the PDF algorithm had a greater ability to resist load disturbances, which is important in course keeping. Smooth rudder activity and heading responses with smaller overshoots were observed with the PDF autopilot in the case of course changing. The effect of the order of ship dynamics and nonlinearity effects in the ship dynamics showed that better performance can be achieved with the PDF autopilot.<
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