The Receiving System for Long-Wave Trans-Atlantic Radio Telephony

Transmission considerations and practical limitations indicate that in the lower frequency range, frequencies near 60 kc are best suited for transatlantic radio-telephone transmission. A radio receiving location in Maine gives a signal-to-noise ratio improvement over a New York location equivalent to increasing the power of the British transmitter about 50 times. Various types of receiving antennas are briefly discussed. The wave-antenna is selected as being most suitable for long-wave radio telephony. The various factors affecting wave-antenna performance and methods for measuring the physical constants of wave-antennas are discussed in detail. High-frequency ground conductivities determined from wave-antenna measurements are given. Combination of several antennas to form arrays is found to be a desirable means of decreasing interference. The use of a wave-antenna array in Maine decreases the received noise power by an additional 400 times. If the receiving were to be accomplished near New York using a loop antenna, we would have to increase the power of the British transmitting station 20,000 times to obtain the same signal-to-noise ratio. Comparisons of calculated and observed directional diagrams of wave-antennas and wave-antenna arrays are presented and discussed. The transmission considerations governing the design of a radio receiver for commercial telephone reception are outlined. Mathematical discussions of the wave-antenna, antenna arrays, quasitilt angle, and probability of simultaneous occurrence of telegraph interference are given in the appendices.