Enhanced energy-efficient adaptive clustering protocol for distributed sensor networks

Wireless distributed sensor networks (WDSN) consists of numerous sensors, deployed at high density in regions requiring surveillance and monitoring. Researchers are currently resolving different technical aspects such as energy efficiency, network lifetime, scalability, load balancing etc. of this distributed network based on different applications. Clustering sensor nodes is an effective technique to achieve these goals rather than conventional routing protocols like direct transmission, minimum transmission energy routing or other relevant protocols applicable for static networks. Adapting this approach, in this paper we propose an enhanced energy efficient adaptive clustering (EEEAC) protocol based on the residual energy of each node within the network. This protocol achieves fairly uniform clusterhead distribution over the entire network. With a careful selection of clustering parameters, the simulation results demonstrate that EEEAC is able to distribute energy dissipation more effectively among the sensors. So, this protocol enhances the system lifetime over the previous protocols.