Cognitive informatics models of the brain

The human brain is the most complicated organ in the universe and a new frontier yet to be explored by an interdisciplinary approach. This paper attempts to develop logical and cognitive models of the brain by using cognitive informatics and formal methodologies. This paper adopts a memory-based approach to explore the brain and to demonstrate that memory is the foundation for any kind of natural or artificial intelligence. Logical structures of memories are explored, and cognitive models of the brain are proposed. Cognitive mechanisms of the brain, including hypotheses and theories on the thinking engine of the brain, long-term memory establishment, and roles of perceptive eye movement, and sleep in long-term memory development, are investigated. The models and theories can be applied to explain a wide range of fundamental phenomena in psychology, cognitive science, physiology, computing, and neural science.