Theoretical and experimental study of the properties of the signal from an energy density mobile radio antenna

This paper describes utilization of the energy density concept to reduce the effect of signal fading. An antenna was developed which could receive three field components E
z
, H
x
, and H
y
simultaneously from a mobile radio field. Summing the squares of these signals then gave an output proportional to the energy density. Comparing the observed level crossing rates, the average duration of fades, and the power spectra of the electric field alone with those of the energy density signal, it was found that the latter faded much less frequently than the E field. A theoretical analysis was developed from a simple statistical model, with results that were in reasonable agreement with experiment.