Simulation Study of Transmural Cellular Electrical Properties in Failed Human Heart

This paper presents simulation study of the action potential waveforms of different ventricular cell types based on experimental studies of transmural electrophysiological heterogeneities in control and failing human hearts. The results show that prolonged action potential duration (APD) and APD rate-adaptation are markedly transmural heterogeneous in heart failure than those in controlled heart which may be due to enhanced transmural heterogeneities of I
_CaL
and I
_ks
in myocytes. This mathematical model of the failed heart cellular action potential may also serve as a paradigm for studying the failed heart's mechanical properties with excitation-contraction coupling