A universal instrument for biological measurements, stimulation, clamping, and processing

In this paper, the design of an integrated instrument for biological experiments is presented, namely Universal Clamp. It combines the functions usually performed by separate electronic biological instruments to provide a universal solution. After simple cabling to pipette electrodes, it enables users to do membrane potential measurement, current stimulation, varieties of clamping, data acquisition, processing, and storing through a single PC-based graphic user interface.