Three-branch antenna diversity systems on wireless devices using various printed monopoles

Three-branch antenna diversity systems using various monopoles printed on wireless devices are demonstrated. The antenna elements used are the inverted F, the Koch and the Minkowski monopole. Computed results for the return losses and the radiation patterns are presented. The calculated envelope cross correlation and mean effective gain of the antennas satisfy the criteria for achieving good diversity performance. The impact of the mutual coupling between the antenna elements on their radiation efficiency and mean effective gain is also addressed