Comparison of several HEMP waveform standards

There exist different effect results for the susceptibility of equipment and systems due to the change of high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) waveform standards. These standards can be classified into three types, long duration (Publication 1 in 1976), medium duration (Bell Laboratory) and short duration (IEC61000-2-9). Time domain parameters, amplitude spectrum, and the cumulative energy fluence of these HEMP waveforms are compared.