Frequency-temperature analysis of sapphire ring dielectric-loaded cylindrical cavity in hydrogen maser atomic frequency standard

A numerical method is presented to calculate the resonant frequency temperature coefficient of the microwave cavity in a hydrogen frequency standard. From the characteristic equation of the TE/sub o11/ mode of the sapphire ring loaded cavity, useful parameters that influence the temperature coefficient can be calculated. The computed result is very close to the experimental value. Using these parameters, the quality factor of the cavity can also be easily calculated.