An application of Shockley's recombination and generation theory to biological ion channels

We have applied the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) model for the generation and recombination of charge carriers to biological ion channels. We show how to include this important effect in the traditional PNP model and how to provide a bridge between the microscopic particle methods (such as MD, Monte Carlo) and the macroscopic continuum models such as PNP that always need to be part of a multi-scale approach. We refer to our method by the acronym TR-PNP where "TR" indicates the inclusion of the trapping and releasing processes of ions at certain trapping or binding sites.