Variable-to-variable codes with small redundancy rates

There are three major classes of lossless compression: fixed-to-variable (FV) length codes, variable-to-fixed (VF) length codes, and finally variable-to-variable (VV) length codes. This paper presents the construction and analysis of a VV-code with small average and maximal redundancy that decays to zero as the average code length increases. A variable-to-variable (VV) code is a concatenation of variable-to-fixed and fixed-to-variable codes.