Emission characteristics of printed CNT cathodes after laser treatment

The printed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the substrate were stood erect by the laser treatment and they worked as emission sites. The emission characteristics was improved drastically by the laser treatment up to the turn-on voltage 2 V//spl mu/m and the current density 4 mA/cm/sup 2/, approximately. A certain level of height of CNT (approximately 3 /spl mu/m) is necessary to lower the turn-on voltage and reduce emission variation effectively.