Integrating Diffie-Hellman key exchange into the digital signature algorithm (DSA)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a series of security standards under Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). Standard for key agreement is still missing in the current standards. Arazi proposed integrating Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange into the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). However, the protocol was attacked by Nyberg et al. We propose three different protocols that securely integrate DH key exchange into DSA for authenticated key distribution.