Submarine floating antenna model for LORAN-C signal processing

An electromagnetic model of the floating antenna used by submarines for LORAN-C radionavigation and very low frequency (VLF) communications is proposed. We present a description of the floating antenna and analyze its electric characteristics. The current in the horizontal wire induced by the lateral wave is then computed and we suggest a model that yields to a nonrational transfer function. A parameter estimation algorithm based on parallel-extended Kalman filters is then proposed and validated on real data.