Spin-current magnetization switching in CPP GMR spin valves

In this paper, we report on transport measurements in current-perpendicular-to-plane (CCP) giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valves. Devices as small as 50 nm /spl times/ 100 nm were fabricated across 6" wafers. Spin-transfer switching was observed as well as the first measurement of the dependence of the switching current on the angle between the spin valve magnetizations.