Antennas and other electromagnetic applicators in biology and medicine

Medical and biological applications of antennas can be classified into two broad groups: (1) therapeutic and (2) informational (including diagnostics and measurement of material electromagnetic (EM) properties). Most of these applications involve EM coupling into or out of the body which requires a device such as an antenna or other applicator. A common characteristic of many applications is the difficulty of coupling EM energy into the interior of the body without damaging the surface. Rapidly increasing computing power and new developments in numerical EM techniques are expected to have a great impact on the use of EM devices in medicine and biology.<
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