Principles of loudspeaker design and operation

The electrical and physical parameters which are of interest in loudspeaker design are discussed. The analysis of loudspeaker action on the basis of its analogy to a vibrating rigid disk is presented. The limitations of such an analysis are indicated. Electromechanical analogies are used to formulate an equivalent electro-mechanical circuit from which loudspeaker performance factors can be derived. Design criteria for commercial and "hi-fi" units are developed. Means of improving loudspeaker performance, particularly at low audio frequencies, are discussed.