A delay model for router microarchitectures

This article introduces a router delay model that takes into account the pipelined nature of contemporary routers and proposes pipelines matched to the specific flow control method employed. Given the type of flow control and router parameters, the model returns router latency in technology-independent units and the number of pipeline stages as a function of cycle time. We apply this model to derive realistic pipelines for wormhole and virtual-channel routers and compare their performance. Contrary to the conclusions of previous models, our results show that the latency of a virtual channel router doesn't increase as we scale the number of virtual channels up to 8 per physical channel. Our simulation results also show that a virtual-channel router gains throughput of up to 40 % over a wormhole router.