Electric Vehicle recharge pricing under competition, a game theoretic approach

Electric Vehicles (EV) are a key element of future smart cities, providing a clean transportation technology and potential benefits for the grid. Nevertheless, limited vehicle autonomy and lack of charging stations are preventing EVs to be broadly accepted. To address this challenge, French GreenFeed project is working to develop an interoperable and universal architecture to allow EV recharge across multiple cities and countries. In this work, we consider such architecture and focus on price setting by its main actors. We show how a Stackelberg game models the market, and we study the outcomes when users choose a recharge station according to objective and subjective parameters. Simulation shows the different actors' profits, and the social and user welfare for different scenarios.