Hybrid communication networks for power utilities

The present paper outlines features of communications via fibre optic cable, satellite transponders, microwave links and an integrated hybrid system using a mix of the above media. Hybrid communications will play a major role in all transactions of various countries and particularly in the monitoring and control of power systems. The paper also outlines the telemetry systems and sensors which need to be integrated with power distribution systems for online information flow to a central command post for preventive and corrective actions.