Grey System: Thinking, Methods, and Models with Applications

In terms of grey system theory, it is a new methodology that focuses on the problems involving small samples and poor information. It deals with uncertain systems with partially known information through generating, excavating, and extracting useful information from what is available. The theory focuses on the generation and excavation of the partially known information to materialize the accurate description and understanding of the material world. Grey incidence analysis provides a new method to analyze systems when conventional methods do not seem appropriate. Grey clustering is developed for classifying observation indices or objects into definable classes using grey incidence matrices or grey whitenization weight functions. Prediction is foretelling the possible future development of societal events, political matters, economic ups and downs, so on, using scientific methods and techniques based on attainable historical and present information such that appropriate actions can be planned and carried out.