Measurement system transient and power questions in mm-wave high resolution pulsed S-parameter measurements

Mm-wave pulse profile measurements can present challenges in part due to high multiplication factors sometimes needed, the position of stimulus modulation (often part way in a multiplier chain), video poles present in some of the elements and generally more difficult linearity questions. These issues have been explored in the 80-500 GHz range and the behavior between modulation and final multiplication was the most dynamic introducing both easily correctable distortions and single-shot effects that are more challenging to process. Resolution, down to the scale of a few ns, did not seem to be affected when reasonable alignment and isothermal procedures were followed. The stimulus power effects also seemed to be minimal when coupled with sufficiently linear receivers. Example calibrations and measurements have been performed for ~20 dBm W-band and D-band systems and lower power WR-2.2 systems.