Demonstration of a cryocooled 10 GHz oscillator with 10−15 frequency stability

This paper reports the breadboarding and the validation of a 10 GHz ultra-stable Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) operated in an autonomous cryocooler. This CSO presents a frequency stability better than 3 × 10
^-15
between 1 s and 1,000 s and a phase noise lower than -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz.