Lithium battery packs for long term ocean deployments

Lithium battery packs using Tadiran's PulsesPlus technology combine high energy capacity, low current primary cells with HLCs (Hybrid Layer Capacitors) that hold relatively little energy but which supply large pulse currents. These battery packs enable ocean instrumentation to stay deployed typically three times longer than with standard alkaline battery packs. This paper describes PulsePlus packs, how low current primary cells differ from high current cells, what the HLCs do and how they improve a pack's efficiency, the design of a typical PulsesPlus pack both for performance and safety, and considerations for the mechanical design of a pack.