Theoretical study of the gyrotron backward wave oscillator

Summary form only given, as follows. Saturated behavior of the gyrotron backward wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) is studied with a particle tracing code which calculates the self-consistent field profile in a weakly non-uniform interaction structure. Characteristics of interest to gyro-BWO operations, such as phase control by injection locking, locking bandwidth, voltage tunability, and effect of end reflections on the efficiency, are examined and compared with experimental observations.