Millimeter-Wave Wideband ±45° Dual-Polarized Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna

This letter presents a novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) wideband ±45° dual-polarized (DP) phased array antenna (PAA) that incorporates heterogeneous beam elements (HBEs) to enable wide-angle scanning. The design of the wideband wide-beam ±45° DP HBE antenna encompasses intentionally crafted asymmetrical feeding structures and strategically positioned parasitic patches, enabling an asymmetrical aperture field and thus generating inclined beams. The proposed ±45° DP HBE antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth, high polarization isolation, a wide 3-dB beamwidth, and significant beam inclination adjustability. Leveraging these HBEs, a 1×4-element wideband ±45° DP PAA is designed, fabricated, and measured. By utilizing HBEs with varying beam inclinations, the effective aperture of the PAA can be controlled at different scanning angles, facilitating wide-angle scanning. The measurement results confirm that the PAA offers an extensive scanning range, consistently achieving a 3-dB gain variation exceeding ±60° with a broadside gain of over 9.0 dB across the entire 24.0-29.5 GHz band, surpassing previous designs in terms of scanning coverage.