IEEE Guide for Energy Feedback System for DC Traction Power Supply System

In the dc electric railways, when a train regenerates power, usually the power has to be consumed within the dc network because the dc traction power systems are often not reversible. Several technologies improve receptivity: energy consumption, energy feedback, and energy storage. Solution selection depends on the application. The energy feedback systems (EFSs) convert energy to ac power system as system dc voltage rises. Engineers are helped by this guide to decide where these EFSs can provide the greatest benefits, determine which design solutions will have the maximum effectiveness, and evaluate the costs and benefits of developing new EFS projects.