IEEE Guide for Audible Sound of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers

Information on sources of no-load and load sound in liquid-immersed power transformers is provided in this guide. Industry standards that deal with transformer sound and factors affecting sound levels of transformers in field operation are also discussed. Guidelines are provided for the selection of suitable methods of reduction of transformer sound at the design stage, during manufacturing, and on site. Procedures that are typically used for determining required sound levels of power transformers on site are described. The intent is to provide users and manufacturers with sufficient background that can help produce power transformers that meet limits on sound level required by local sound ordinances.