<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
	<channel>
		<title><![CDATA[ Robotics, IEEE Transactions on - new TOC ]]></title>
		<link>http://ieeexplore.ieee.org</link>
		<description>TOC Alert for Publication# 8860 </description>
		<year>2009</year>
		<month>November </month>
		<day>19</day>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Table of Contents]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277114]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277114]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>C1</startPage>
			<endPage>C1</endPage>
			<fileSize>34</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Robotics publication information]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277115]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277115]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>C2</startPage>
			<endPage>C2</endPage>
			<fileSize>38</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Stability Analysis for Prioritized Closed-Loop Inverse Kinematic Algorithms for Redundant Robotic Systems]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814683]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Stability analysis of priority-based kinematic control algorithms for redundant robotic systems is approached in this paper. Starting from the classical applications in position control of manipulators, the kinematic-based approaches have lately been applied to, e.g., visual servoing and quadruped or multirobot coordination control. A common approach consists in the definition of several tasks properly combined in priority. In this paper, by resorting to a Lyapunov-based stability discussion for several prioritized inverse kinematics algorithms, sufficient conditions for the control gains and the tasks' design are given for the regulation problem. Two case studies show the practical implementation of the results.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814683]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>985</startPage>
			<endPage>994</endPage>
			<fileSize>358</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Antonelli, G.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Singularity Analysis of Lower Mobility Parallel Manipulators Using Grassmann&#x2013;Cayley Algebra]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4907094]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper introduces a methodology to analyze geometrically the singularities of manipulators, of which legs apply both actuation forces and constraint moments to their moving platform. Lower mobility parallel manipulators and parallel manipulators, of which some legs have no spherical joint, are such manipulators. The geometric conditions associated with the dependency of six PlUumlcker vectors of finite lines or lines at infinity constituting the rows of the inverse Jacobian matrix are formulated using Grassmann-Cayley algebra (GCA). Accordingly, the singularity conditions are obtained in vector form. This study is illustrated with the singularity analysis of four manipulators.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4907094]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>995</startPage>
			<endPage>1004</endPage>
			<fileSize>736</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Kanaan, D.;Wenger, P.;Caro, S.;Chablat, D.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[NIMS-PL: A Cable-Driven Robot With Self-Calibration Capabilities]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5159377]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[We present the Networked InfoMechanical System for Planar Translation, which is a novel two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) cable-driven robot with self-calibration and online drift-correction capabilities. This system is intended for actuated sensing applications in aquatic environments. The actuation redundancy resulting from in-plane translation driven by four cables results in an infinite set of tension distributions, thus requiring real-time computation of optimal tension distributions. To this end, we have implemented a highly efficient, iterative linear programming solver, which requires a very small number of iterations to converge to the optimal value. In addition, two novel self-calibration methods have been developed that leverage the robot's actuation redundancy. The first uses an incremental displacement, or jitter method, whereas the second uses variations in cable tensions to determine end-effector location. We also propose a novel least-squares drift-detection algorithm, which enables the robot to detect long-term drift. Combined with self-calibration capabilities, this drift-monitoring algorithm enables long-term autonomous operation. To verify the performance of our algorithms, we have performed extensive experiments in simulation and on a real system.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5159377]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1005</startPage>
			<endPage>1015</endPage>
			<fileSize>455</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Borgstrom, P.H.;Jordan, B.L.;Borgstrom, B.J.;Stealey, M.J.;Sukhatme, G.S.;Batalin, M.A.;Kaiser, W.J.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Port-Based Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Systems With Rigid and Flexible Links]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173531]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this paper, a systematic procedure for the definition of the dynamical model in port-Hamiltonian form of mechanical systems is presented as the result of the power-conserving interconnection of a set of basic components (rigid bodies, flexible links, and kinematic pairs). Since rigid bodies and flexible links are described within the port-Hamiltonian formalism, their interconnection is possible once a proper relation between the power-conjugated port variables is deduced. These relations are the analogous of the Kirchhoff laws of circuit theory. From the analysis of a set of oriented graphs that describe the topology of the mechanism, an automatic procedure for deriving the dynamical model of a mechanical system is illustrated. The final model is a mixed port-Hamiltonian system, because of the presence of a finite-dimensional subsystem (modeling the rigid bodies) and an infinite-dimensional one (describing the flexible links). Besides facilitating the deduction of the dynamical equations, it is shown how the intrinsic modularity of this approach also simplifies the simulation phase.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173531]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1016</startPage>
			<endPage>1029</endPage>
			<fileSize>510</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Macchelli, A.;Melchiorri, C.;Stramigioli, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Planar Bipedal Jumping Gaits With Stable Landing]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173532]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this paper, landing stability of jumping gaits is studied for a four-link planar biped model. Rotation of the foot during the landing phase leads to underactuation due to the passive degree of freedom at the toe, which results in nontrivial zero dynamics (ZD). Compliance between the foot and ground is modeled as a spring-damper system. Rotation of the foot along with the compliance model introduces switching in the ZD. The stability conditions for the ldquoswitching ZD rdquo and closed-loop dynamics (CLD) are established. ldquoCritical potential index rdquo and ldquocritical kinetic indexrdquo are introduced as measures of the stability of the CLD of the biped during landing. Landing stability is achieved by utilizing the stability conditions. Stable jumping motion is experimentally realized on a biped robot.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173532]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1030</startPage>
			<endPage>1046</endPage>
			<fileSize>1158</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Goswami, D.;Vadakkepat, P.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[A New Mechanism for Mesoscale Legged Locomotion in Compliant Tubular Environments]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4799108]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[We present design and experimental performance results for a novel mechanism for robotic legged locomotion at the mesoscale (from hundreds of microns to tens of centimeters). The new mechanism is compact and strikes a balance between conflicting design objectives, exhibiting high foot forces and low power consumption. It enables a small robot to traverse a compliant, slippery, tubular environment, even while climbing against gravity. This mechanism is useful for many mesoscale locomotion tasks, including endoscopic capsule robot locomotion in the gastrointestinal tract. It has enabled fabrication of the first legged endoscopic capsule robot whose mechanical components match the dimensions of commercial pill cameras (11 mm diameter by 25 mm long). A novel slot-follower mechanism driven via lead screw enables the mechanical components of the capsule robot to be as small while simultaneously generating 0.63 N average propulsive force at each leg tip. In this paper, we describe kinematic and static analyses of the lead screw and slot-follower mechanisms, optimization of design parameters, and experimental design and tuning of a gait suitable for locomotion. A series of <i>ex vivo</i> experiments demonstrate capsule performance and ability to traverse the intestine in a manner suitable for inspection of the colon in a time period equivalent to standard colonoscopy.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4799108]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1047</startPage>
			<endPage>1057</endPage>
			<fileSize>920</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Valdastri, P.;Webster, R.J.;Quaglia, C.;Quirini, M.;Menciassi, A.;Dario, P.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots Based on the Transverse Function Approach]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4812087]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The problem of stabilizing reference trajectories - also referred to as the trajectory tracking problem - for nonholonomic mobile robots is revisited. Theoretical difficulties and impossibilities that set inevitable limits to what is achievable with feedback control are surveyed, and properties of kinematic control models are recalled, with a focus on controllable driftless systems that are invariant on a Lie group. This geometric framework takes advantage of ubiquitous symmetry properties involved in the motion of mechanical bodies. The transverse function approach, a control design method developed by the authors for the past few years, is reviewed. A salient feature of this approach, which singles it out of the abundant literature devoted to the subject, is the obtention of feedback laws that unconditionally achieve the practical stabilization of arbitrary reference trajectories, including fixed points and nonadmissible trajectories. This property is complemented with novel results showing how the more common property of asymptotic stabilization of a large class of admissible trajectories can also be granted with this type of control. Application to unicycle-type and car-like vehicles is presented and illustrated via simulations. Complementary issues (transient maneuvers monitoring, extensions of the approach to systems that are not invariant on a Lie group, etc.) are also addressed with the concern of practicality.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4812087]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1058</startPage>
			<endPage>1073</endPage>
			<fileSize>551</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Morin, P.;Samson, C.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[A Synchronization Approach to Trajectory Tracking of Multiple Mobile Robots While Maintaining Time-Varying Formations]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5191100]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this paper, we present a synchronization approach to trajectory tracking of multiple mobile robots while maintaining time-varying formations. The main idea is to control each robot to track its desired trajectory while synchronizing its motion with those of other robots to keep relative kinematics relationships, as required by the formation. First, we pose the formation-control problem as a synchronization control problem and identify the synchronization control goal according to the formation requirement. The formation error is measured by the position synchronization error, which is defined based on the established robot network. Second, we develop a synchronous controller for each robot's translation to guarantee that both position and synchronization errors approach zero asymptotically. The rotary controller is also designed to ensure that the robot is always oriented toward its desired position. Both translational and rotary controls are supported by a centralized high-level planer for task monitoring and robot global localization. Finally, we perform simulations and experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control approach in the formation control tasks.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5191100]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1074</startPage>
			<endPage>1086</endPage>
			<fileSize>1411</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Dong Sun;Can Wang;Wen Shang;Gang Feng;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of Skid-Steered Mobile Robots With Applications to Low-Cost Inertial-Measurement-Unit-Based Motion Estimation]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175357]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Skid-steered mobile robots are widely used because of their simple mechanism and high reliability. Understanding the kinematics and dynamics of such a robotic platform is, however, challenging due to the complex wheel/ground interactions and kinematic constraints. In this paper, we develop a kinematic modeling scheme to analyze the skid-steered mobile robot. Based on the analysis of the kinematics of the skid-steered mobile robot, we reveal the underlying geometric and kinematic relationships between the wheel slips and locations of the instantaneous rotation centers. As an application example, we also present how to utilize the modeling and analysis for robot positioning and wheel slip estimation using only low-cost strapdown inertial measurement units. The robot positioning and wheel slip-estimation scheme is based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) design that incorporates the kinematic constraints for accuracy enhancement. The performance of the EKF-based positioning and wheel slip-estimation scheme are also presented. The estimation methodology is tested and validated experimentally on a robotic test bed.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175357]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1087</startPage>
			<endPage>1097</endPage>
			<fileSize>1226</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jingang Yi;Hongpeng Wang;Junjie Zhang;Dezhen Song;Jayasuriya, S.;Jingtai Liu;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Power Consumption Modeling of Skid-Steer Tracked Mobile Robots on Rigid Terrain]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175356]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Power consumption is a key element in outdoor mobile robot autonomy. This issue is very relevant in skid-steer tracked vehicles on account of their large ground contact area. In this paper, the power losses due to dynamic friction have been modeled from two different perspectives: 1) the power drawn by the rigid terrain and 2) the power supplied by the motors. Comparison of both approaches has provided new insight on skid steering on hard flat terrains at walking speeds. Experimental power models, which also include traction resistance and other power losses, have been obtained for two different track widths over marble flooring and asphalt with Auriga- beta, which is a full-size mobile robot. To this end, various internal probes have been set at different points of the power stream. Furthermore, new energy implications for navigation of these kinds of vehicles have been deduced and tested.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175356]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1098</startPage>
			<endPage>1108</endPage>
			<fileSize>900</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Morales, J.;Martinez, J.L.;Mandow, A.;Garcia-Cerezo, A.J.;Pedraza, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[A Miniature Mobile Robot for Navigation and Positioning on the Beating Heart]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5196770]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Robotic assistance enhances conventional endoscopy; yet, limitations have hindered its mainstream adoption for cardiac surgery. HeartLander is a miniature mobile robot that addresses several of these limitations by providing precise and stable access over the surface of the beating heart in a less-invasive manner. The robot adheres to the heart and navigates to any desired target in a semiautonomous fashion. The initial therapies considered for HeartLander generally require precise navigation to multiple surface targets for treatment. To balance speed and precision, we decompose any general target acquisition into navigation to the target region followed by fine positioning to each target. In closed-chest, beating-heart animal studies, we demonstrated navigation to targets located around the circumference of the heart, as well as acquisition of target patterns on the anterior and posterior surfaces with an average error of 1.7 mm. The average drift encountered during station-keeping was 0.7 mm. These preclinical results demonstrate the feasibility of precise semiautonomous delivery of therapy to the surface of the beating heart using HeartLander.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5196770]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1109</startPage>
			<endPage>1124</endPage>
			<fileSize>1345</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Patronik, N.A.;Ota, T.;Zenati, M.A.;Riviere, C.N.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Nonlinear Feedback Control of a Gravity-Assisted Underactuated Manipulator With Application to Aircraft Assembly]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5156275]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[A nonlinear feedback scheme for a gravity-assisted underactuated manipulator with second-order nonholonomic constraints is presented in this paper. The joints of the hyper articulated arm have no dedicated actuators but are activated by gravity. By tilting the base link appropriately, the gravitational torque drives the unactuated links to a desired angular position. With simple locking mechanisms, the hyperarticulated arm can change its configuration using only one actuator at the base. This underactuated arm design was motivated by the need for a compact snake-like robot that can go into aircraft wings and perform assembly operations using heavy end-effectors. The dynamics of the unactuated links are essentially second-order nonholonomic constraints for which there are no general methods to design closed-loop control. We propose a nonlinear closed-loop control law that is guaranteed to be stable in positioning one unactuated joint at a time. We synthesize a Lyapunov function to prove the convergence of this control scheme. The Lyapunov function also generates estimates of the domain of convergence of the control law for various control gains. The control algorithm is implemented on a prototype three-link system. Finally, we provide some experimental results to demonstrate the efficacy of the control scheme.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5156275]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1125</startPage>
			<endPage>1133</endPage>
			<fileSize>1064</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Roy, B.;Asada, H.H.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Nonlinear and Filtered Force/Position Mappings in Bilateral Teleoperation With Application to Enhanced Stiffness Discrimination]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814684]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Motivated by applications involving soft-tissue manipulation such as robotic surgery, the transparency objectives in bilateral teleoperation are redefined to include monotonic nonlinear and linear-time-invariant filter mappings between the master/slave position and force signals. To demonstrate the utility of the new performance measures, a stiffness discrimination telemanipulation task of soft environments is considered. A nonlinear force mapping can enhance stiffness discrimination thresholds as shown through a set of psychophysics experiments. Lyapunov-based adaptive motion/force controllers are presented that can achieve the new transparency objectives in the presence of dynamic uncertainty in the master, slave, user, and environment and in the absence of time delay. Given <i>a priori</i> known bounds on unknown dynamic parameters, a framework for robust stability analysis is proposed that uses an off-axis circle criterion and the Nyquist envelope of interval plant systems. Nonlinear- and linear-filtered mappings are achieved in experiments with a two-axis teleoperation system.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814684]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1134</startPage>
			<endPage>1149</endPage>
			<fileSize>1144</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Malysz, P.;Sirouspour, S.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Description of Instantaneous Restriction Space for Multi-DOFs Bilateral Teleoperation Systems Using Position Sensors in Unstructured Environments]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173534]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper investigates a novel position-sensor-based force reflection framework for multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) bilateral teleoperation systems in unstructured environments. The conventional position-sensor-based force reflection method, which is known as position error feedback, may generate grossly inaccurate force reflection directions during collisions involving the slave manipulator links. The proposed restriction space projection framework calculates the instantaneous restriction space to provide the accurate force reflection, regardless of kinematic dissimilarity (KDS) conditions of bilateral teleoperation systems. Simulation results confirmed the validity of the proposed framework in a KDS bilateral teleoperation system under various constraint conditions.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173534]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1150</startPage>
			<endPage>1158</endPage>
			<fileSize>816</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Keehoon Kim;Wan Kyun Chung;Cavusoglu, M.C.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Online Segmentation and Clustering From Continuous Observation of Whole Body Motions]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175268]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper describes a novel approach for incremental learning of human motion pattern primitives through online observation of human motion. The observed time series data stream is first stochastically segmented into potential motion primitive segments, based on the assumption that data belonging to the same motion primitive will have the same underlying distribution. The motion segments are then abstracted into a stochastic model representation and automatically clustered and organized. As new motion patterns are observed, they are incrementally grouped together into a tree structure, based on their relative distance in the model space. The tree leaves, which represent the most specialized learned motion primitives, are then passed back to the segmentation algorithm so that as the number of known motion primitives increases, the accuracy of the segmentation can also be improved. The combined algorithm is tested on a sequence of continuous human motion data that are obtained through motion capture, and demonstrates the performance of the proposed approach.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5175268]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1158</startPage>
			<endPage>1166</endPage>
			<fileSize>595</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Kulic, D.;Takano, W.;Nakamura, Y.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Source Seeking for Two Nonholonomic Models of Fish Locomotion]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173533]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this paper, we present a method of locomotion control for underwater vehicles that are propelled by a periodic deformation of the vehicle body, which is similar to the way a fish moves. We have developed control laws employing ldquoextremum seekingrdquo for two different ldquofishrdquo models. The first model consists of three rigid body links and relies on a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) movement that propels the fish without relying on vortices. The second fish model uses a Joukowski airfoil that has only 1 DOF in its movement and, thus, relies on vortex shedding for propulsion. We achieve model-free and position-free ldquosource seeking,rdquo and, if position is available, navigation along a predetermined path.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5173533]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1166</startPage>
			<endPage>1176</endPage>
			<fileSize>1686</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Cochran, J.;Kanso, E.;Kelly, S.D.;Hailong Xiong;Krstic, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Stabilization of a Hierarchical Formation of Unicycle Robots with Velocity and Curvature Constraints]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5235102]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[The paper proposes a new geometric approach to the stabilization of a hierarchical formation of unicycle robots. Hierarchical formations consist of elementary leader-follower units disposed on a rooted tree: each follower sees its relative leader as a fixed point in its own reference frame. Robots' linear velocity and trajectory curvature are forced to satisfy some given bounds. The major contribution of the paper is to study the effect of these bounds on the admissible trajectories of the main leader. In particular, we provide recursive formulas for the maximum velocity and curvature allowed for the main leader, so that the robots can achieve the desired formation while respecting their input constraints. An original formation control law is proposed and the asymptotic stabilization is proved. Simulation experiments illustrate the theory and show the effectiveness of the proposed designs.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5235102]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1176</startPage>
			<endPage>1184</endPage>
			<fileSize>417</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Consolini, L.;Morbidi, F.;Prattichizzo, D.;Tosques, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Shortest Paths to Obstacles for a Polygonal Dubins Car]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4770178]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[In this paper, we characterize the time-optimal trajectories leading a Dubins car in collision with the obstacles in its workspace. Due to the constant velocity constraint characterizing the Dubins car model, these trajectories form a sufficient set of shortest paths between any robot configuration and the obstacles in the environment. Based on these paths, we define and give the algorithm for computing a distance function that takes into account the nonholonomic constraints and captures the nonsymmetric nature of the system. The developments presented here assume that the obstacles and the robot are polygons although the methodology can be applied to different shapes.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4770178]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1184</startPage>
			<endPage>1191</endPage>
			<fileSize>374</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Giordano, P.R.;Vendittelli, M.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Vibration-Induced Frequency-Controllable Bidirectional Locomotion for Assembly and Microrobotic Applications]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814584]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper describes vibration-induced bidirectional locomotion of a milliscale cylindrical body. Using a laterally vibrating platform, we achieved a frequency controlled bidirectional movement by attaching two polydimethylsiloxane cylindrical rods with microscale ratchet-shaped legs of different densities facing in opposite directions. The polymeric body (2 times 2 times 20 mm<sup>3</sup>) was placed on a glass slide covered by thin lubricating oil and vibrated at a constant amplitude of 0.2 mm. The micromobile composite cylinder changed its direction of motion at a cross-over frequency of 156 Hz. The cross-over phenomena is due to the difference between static and kinetic friction coefficients of the two opposing parts.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4814584]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1192</startPage>
			<endPage>1196</endPage>
			<fileSize>695</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Zhenwen Ding;Ziaie, B.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Minimum-Order Kalman Filter With Vector Selector for Accurate Estimation of Human Body Orientation]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4815459]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper describes a new quaternion-based Kalman filter (KF) for estimating human body orientation using an inertial/magnetic sensor. The proposed algorithm is comprised of a quaternion measurement step and a KF step that are connected in feedback relationship. This allows the algorithm to have a minimum-order structure (i.e., fourth order) that is computationally very efficient. Furthermore, to offer more reliable information to the quaternion measurement step, a vector selector scheme is adopted, which effectively adds the gyro measurement to the so-called Wahba's problem that conventionally uses only the accelerometer and magnetometer measurements. This protects the algorithm against undesirable conditions such as fast movements and temporary magnetic disturbances, enabling it to compute an accurate orientation estimate. Due to the computational efficiency of the algorithm, it is suitable for real-time ambulatory human motion tracking applications that require multiple and untethered inertial/magnetic sensors with low-cost onboard processing.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=4815459]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1196</startPage>
			<endPage>1201</endPage>
			<fileSize>291</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jung Keun Lee;Park, E.J.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[A Passive 2-DOF Walker: Hunting for Gaits Using Virtual Holonomic Constraints]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5229291]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[A planar compass-like biped on a shallow slope is one of the simplest models of a passive walker. It is a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) impulsive mechanical system that is known to possess periodic solutions reminiscent of human walking. Finding such solutions is a challenging computational task that has attracted many researchers who are motivated by various aspects of passive and active dynamic walking. We propose a new approach to find stable as well as unstable hybrid limit cycles without integrating the full set of differential equations and, at the same time, without approximating the dynamics. The procedure exploits a time-independent representation of a possible periodic solution via a virtual holonomic constraint. The description of the limit cycle obtained in this way is useful for the analysis and characterization of passive gaits as well as for design of regulators to achieve gaits with the smallest required control efforts. Some insights into the notion of hybrid zero dynamics, which are related to such a description, are presented as well.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5229291]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1202</startPage>
			<endPage>1208</endPage>
			<fileSize>367</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Freidovich, L.B.;Mettin, U.;Shiriaev, A.S.;Spong, M.W.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Improving the Human&#x2013;Robot Interface Through Adaptive Multispace Transformation]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5153304]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[Teleoperation is essential for applications in which, despite the availability of a precise geometrical definition of the working area, a task cannot be explicitly programmed. This paper describes a method of assisted teleoperation that improves the execution of such tasks in terms of ergonomics, precision, and reduction of execution time. The relationships between the operating spaces corresponding to the human-robot interface triangle are analyzed. The proposed teleoperation aid is based on applying adaptive transformations between these spaces.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5153304]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1208</startPage>
			<endPage>1213</endPage>
			<fileSize>404</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Muoz, L.M.;Casals, A.;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[A Foldable 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism With Application to a Flat-Panel TV Mounting Device]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5170031]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[This paper deals with a new 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism for a flat-panel TV mounting device with two rotations and one translation. The most important operational requirements of this device are that it should support the heavy weight of the flat-panel TV and should be foldable to save space between the flat panel and the wall. An asymmetric parallel structure that has three kinematic chains with internal four-bar linkage is proposed to meet such requirements. Kinematic modeling was performed along with actuator sizing. Finally, the mechanism was developed and tested to show its effectiveness as a flat-panel TV mounting device.]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5170031]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1214</startPage>
			<endPage>1221</endPage>
			<fileSize>863</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[Jaeheon Chung;Byung-Ju Yi;Sung Oh;]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Haptics]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277431]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277431]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1222</startPage>
			<endPage>1222</endPage>
			<fileSize>414</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Scitopia.org]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277117]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277117]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1223</startPage>
			<endPage>1223</endPage>
			<fileSize>269</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Explore IEL IEEE's most comprehensive resource]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277432]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277432]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>1224</startPage>
			<endPage>1224</endPage>
			<fileSize>345</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Information]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277429]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277429]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>C3</startPage>
			<endPage>C3</endPage>
			<fileSize>33</fileSize>
			<authors><![CDATA[]]></authors>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Robotics information for authors]]></title>
			<link><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277118]]></link>
			<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
			<pubDate><![CDATA[Oct.  2009]]></pubDate>
			<guid><![CDATA[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=5277110&arnumber=5277118]]></guid>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<issue>5</issue>
			<startPage>C4</startPage>
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