Summary: As the embedded market is expected to increase in the near future, a standardized software design methodology for these systems is desirable, but currently does not exist. The design of a real-time embedded system involves selecting a hardware platform and either 1) selecting a commercially available realtime operating system (RTOS) or 2) utilizing a ‘round-robin’ loop customized for the application. Presuming that the software requirements have been established within a Software Requirements Document (SRS), implementing these requirements in code using either choice for an operating system usually presents problems downstream, with regard to software maintenance and the verification and validation processes. This course provides an alternate method for designing realtime embedded software systems. After completing this course you should have an understanding of: The importance of a properly documented Software Requirements Specification (SRS); How to use State Diagrams to design software processes; How to present the core data structures, files, the ‘executive’ and system calls.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. The Advanced Protocols for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks will illustrate that in Ad-Hoc networks where there is no underlying fixed infrastructure, tasks such as network self-organization, mobility management, adaptive route detection for unicast and multicast applications, and provisioning of Gateway functionality to interconnect the ad-hoc network to the rest of the Internet space must be handled according to rules that are unique to the ad-hoc nature of the system. Topics related to support of QoS at various network layers will also be discussed, with emphasis on layers 2, 3, and 4 of the network. We will investigate the performance of these protocols in terms of their level of scalability to different sizes, and traffic loads. Topics of security will also be discussed.

Summary: Neural Networks are information processing systems inspired by the ability of human brain to learn from observations and to generalize by abstraction. It has been used in diverse fields such as pattern recognition, speech processing, control, medical applications and more. In recent years, it has emerged as an attractive vehicle in the RF/microwave CAD community to address the challenges in high-frequency electronic modeling and design. Neural networks can learn and generalize from data allowing model development even when component formulas are unavailable. Neural network models are universal approximators allowing re-use of the same modeling technology for both linear and nonlinear problems and at both device and circuit levels.

Summary: RF power amplifiers have received a great deal of attention and development effort over the last decade, mainly due to the challenging requirements of the wireless communications industry. This effort has not only led to some impressive progress in PA performance, it has also led to some revisions and rethinking in traditional PA theory. this course will highlight how these developments will undoubtedly have an impact on PA design in all application areas, including but not restricted to wireless communications.

Summary: The accuracy of Vector-Network-Analyzer (VNA) measurements depends critically on calibration and error correction techniques. This course will cover the evolution of conventional VNA calibration methods from the start of network analysis through the development of new calibration methods for waveform and large-signal analysis.

Summary: Beginning with a brief review of CMOS scaling trends from 1 µm to 0.1 µm, this tutorial examines the fundamental factors that will ultimately limit CMOS scaling and considers the design issues near the limit of scaling. The fundamental limiting factors are electron thermal energy, tunneling leakage through gate oxide, and 2D electrostatic scale length. Both the standby power and the active power of a processor chip will increase precipitously below the 0.1-µm or 100-nm technology generation. To extend CMOS scaling to the shortest channel length possible while still gaining significant performance benefit, an optimized, vertically and laterally nonuniform doping design (superhalo) is presented. It is projected that room-temperature CMOS will be scaled to 20-nm channel length with the superhalo profile. Low-temperature CMOS allows additional design space to further extend CMOS scaling to near 10 nm.

Summary: This course covers the rapidly evolving field of Computational Intelligence and focuses on the current understanding of the fundamental principles of working the mind, their computational implementations, and practical applications. This tutorial covers mind mechanisms, including concepts, emotions, instincts, behavior, language, cognition, understanding, thinking, intuitions, conscious and unconscious, abilities for formation of symbols and aesthetic feelings. Computational techniques are given for these mechanisms and abilities. The goal of this tutorial is to provide a basic mathematical understanding of the working of the mind. Its secondary goal is to demonstrate practical applications of these mechanisms for pattern recognition, tracking, fusion, search engines, and for integrated systems combining sensor signals and communication data. Lastly, this tutorial will outline future research directions. Historical and current difficulties in developing intelligent systems (IS) and applications will be discussed along with how the mind and new computational techniques overcome these difficulties.

Summary: This course will familiarize learners with the need to strengthen the protection of the control systems used in the industry against cyber (electronic) threats. The control systems addressed include SCADA systems, IEDs, substation automation systems, and distribution control systems. The course will identify the major threats, and outline practical suggestions about how the security of these systems may be enhanced. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Issues relating to cyber security (Why do people care about this subject?); The threats to the security of control systems (Who are the intruders, and why do they do what they do?); What makes control systems vulnerable to intrusion?; Industry’s experience is with breaches of security? (Separating the myths from the reality); What utilities are required or advised to do to protect their systems (Rules, regulations, and standards: steering through the regulatory thicket); What utilities can do now to protect their systems (Practical steps that go beyond what is currently required.); Anticipated future developments to enhance the cyber security of control systems.

Summary: Six Sigma improves both product and process quality, eliminating defects using a suite of tools that span: statistical, analytical, and collaborative domains. The six sigma nomenclatures cross over different languages and cultures with improved understanding and exactness. Six Sigma improves our every day processes.

The Six Sigma process has been extended to take the initiative in developing better designs that avoid problems rather than having to go back and correct them. This is the Design-for-Six Sigma (DFSS) initiative. It focuses on getting correct requirements, communicating these effectively across the team, examining and managing the design and environment anomalies, and flowing down tolerances from the system level to the component levels (also known as critical parameter management). Recently, the practices within DFSS have been further extended from Hardware Reliability to Software Quality and Reliability, and for that matter, to other aspects of product development including: Portfolio and Marketing Analysis, Technology Research and Development, Product Commercialization, Supply Chain and other support functions. These processes have been shown to deliver products with as few as 3-4 defects per million opportunities, such as seen on space shuttle software or commercial aircraft flights in the US.

Summary: The concept of the 'Analog Front End' (AFE), which is the interface to the real world in most IC-system chips, is first introduced. The course then focuses on active-RC filters which constitute an essential part of most AFEs. The formulation of filter specifications and the basic ideas associated with classical filter approximation theory are then briefly reviewed. Some key points of classical network theory, as needed for the understanding of inductorless filter design, are then briefly recalled. This is followed by some basic concepts of signal-flow graph theory, which permit the transition from transfer function (resulting from approximation theory) to circuit topology. After the review of these introductory and basic concepts, the stage is set to consider some of the most important and established active-RC filter-design techniques. Examples are given for the conversion of classical LCR filter structures into inductorless active-RC filter circuits that are amenable to IC chip design. The examples are taken from typical modern communication systems. Finally, filters designed using the design techniques covered in the course are compared in terms of practical performance criteria such as thermal output noise, sensitivity to component tolerances, and tunablity.

Summary: This tutorial introduces the General Feedback Theorem (GFT). Feedback systems are usually designed with the familiar single-loop block diagram in mind. Various nonidealities, such as unavoidable minor loops and direct forward transmission, make the single-loop block diagram progressively less useful. The GFT defines a natural block diagram model that is identical in format to the single-loop model that is conventionally assumed, thus providing a desirable link between general feedback theory and a detailed circuit diagram analyzed in terms of factored pole-zero transfer functions. The GFT is illustrated on a potentially unstable Darlington emitter/source follower stage, and leads to design criteria that limit the maximum peaking regardless of the value of the load capacitance. Another example is a two-stage feedback amplifier having various nonidealities, including loading interactions at all points, direct forward transmission, and two minor loops. The GFT is computer friendly, and emphasis is on the numerical and graphical results obtained by use of an Intusoft ICAP/4 circuit simulator.

Summary: This tutorial presents an overview of the fundamentals of fuel cell engineering and of the history of fuel cell development for electric power applications. The fuel cell uses a catalyzed reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer to directly produce electricity. Its high theoretical efficiency and low temperature operation made it a subject of much study upon its invention ca. 1900, but its relatively high life cycle costs kept it as solution in search of a problem for its first half century. After completing this course you should have an understanding of: The place of fuel cells among energy conversion technologies; The basic principles of fuel cell electrochemistry; The engineering fundamentals of fuel cell power plants for both transportation and stationary applications; The differing power system engineering tradeoffs that drive the development of fuel cell technology for NASA's manned space program in a direction different than that for applications for The Hydrogen Economy.

Summary: The role of Radio-Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers (PAs) in today's and tomorrow's consumer and state-of-the-art electronics is crucial, catering to the stringent performance (i.e., linearity and output power) and real-estate (i.e., size) requirements of portable systems and the power limitations of battery-powered applications. Key to the success of any portable device is battery life (or runtime), and PAs can be a significant and detrimental load in this regard, especially because they capture a significant portion of the total power budget and they characteristically have poor power efficiencies. This course will address the advent of dynamically adaptive biasing schemes in PA applications to increase power efficiencies, which is generally done by essentially transforming and redefining the operating environment of the PA for maximum performance at optimum power levels, and consequently prolonging battery life. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of dynamically adaptive biasing schemes in PA applications.

Summary: This tutorial discusses examples of reliability mechanisms and how these can affect the normal operation of selected VLSI circuits. Large circuit-count ASIC chips use standard digital and analog circuits such as Logic gates, eSRAM, eDRAM and I/O circuits which must function properly under various voltage and thermal environments. These chips are subjected to Reliability Screens such as Burn In to activate latent defects and screen out those chips that cannot meet product specifications for performance, power and operating margins. The advent of degraded VLSI circuit operating margins due to the activated defects as well as reliability mechanisms such as negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), hot carrier injection (HCI), and others will be discussed. How these failing circuits can then manifest themselves in observed product failures will also be discussed. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Reliability and today's VLSI chips; Reliability and VLSI design; VLSI circuits; Circuit reliability mechanisms.

Summary: This is a 2-part tutorial. The second-half of the course will examine the basis of vector control and encoder-less operation of ac machines in order to design speed and position controllers for such machines. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of the basis of vector control and encoder-less operation of ac machines.

Summary: This is a 2-part tutorial. The first-half of this course will focus on the basics and analyze induction and permanent-magnet ac machines in a way that clearly explains how these machines operate on a physical basis, and hence how they ought to be controlled for optimum performance. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of how ac machines operate on a physical basis.

Summary: This tutorial covers the basic issues of metrology and measurement activity. The measurement concept is introduced, showing why a measurement result cannot ever be the “true” value of the measured quantity. The uncertainty concept is defined, and the way it can be expressed and estimated is analyzed. The recommendation of the present international reference standard (IEC ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) is also discussed. Alessandro Ferrero is a professor of electrical and electronic measurements at the Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica of the Politecnico di Milano. His current research interests are concerned with the application of digital methods to electrical measurements and measurements on electric power systems under nonsinusoidal conditions, and with the metrological characterization of instruments based on complex DSP algorithms.

Summary: In recent years the converging digital technologies of television, publishing, telephony and computers, the so-called multimedia revolution, have prompted the deployment of a multitude of high-speed applications from streaming video to the World Wide Web to desktop video editing. An immediate impact of this evolution is the ever-increasing demand for Internet bandwidth, the more intelligent use of already available resources and the use of overlay networks in the home. Because of the emergence of the home networks, the nature of networking itself is changing dramatically. It is moving away from supporting mainly home business and education applications and into the infotainment world where video and audio are now predominant and IPTV is emerging as the “killer app”. This module will review the Home Networking standards from transmission, like the popular 802.11 wireless, to middleware like OCAP or MHP. It will of course review the important IP protocols, like those related to Quality of Service, that make Home Networking and IP based entertainment possible.

Summary: This course will begin by providing a historical perspective of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Next an overview of the Toyota input split e-CVT fundamentals and operation, and the Ford input split e-CVT fundamentals and operation will be presented. The course will then focus on e-CVT dynamics. Electric variator theory and input split examples will be provided followed by a presentation of GM-Allison compound split fundamentals and operation. Next, Compound split dynamics will be presented followed by the Timken compound split system and the Renault compound split system. Finally, energy storage system technologies will be presented as well as a summary and cost illustrations. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: The history of Hybrid Electric Vehicles; Electric veriator theory; Energy storage system technologies.

Summary: Computational Intelligence techniques are a powerful and adaptable approach to tackle problems and cases for which the conventional technologies have not been proved sufficiently effective. These results are achieved by mimicking some aspects of the knowledge representation and processing performed by the brain. The computational efforts implied by these approaches are usually quite relevant.

Summary: This course examines Information Theory and our efforts to develop an information-theoretic criterion which can be utilized in adaptive filtering and neurocomputing. The main aim of our research is to develop new signal processing techniques by going beyond the basic assumptions of Linearity, Gaussianity and Stationarity. By capturing higher order statistics of data using Information Theory, we solve a variety of problems in Biomedical Signal Processing, Communications and Machine Learning.

Summary: This tutorial would introduce important issues in preparing, designing, and developing a product including: Systems Engineering – Process, design, and development; Architecture – Hardware, Software, Tradeoffs; Interface choices; Reliability versus fault tolerance; Review and Testing - Debugging, inspections, integration, validation, verification; Documentation; The Human Interface - User-centered design, elements of successful interfaces; Packaging - Its influence, environmental issues, wiring and assembly issues; Power - Types of converters and distribution; Cooling - Mechanisms, types of heat transfer, and tradeoffs; Problems - types of problems, failure, remedies, integrity.

Summary: This course provides an overview of fiber optic communications technology and applications. It assumes some general technical background in telecommunications, but no prior knowledge of fiber optics. The basic components of an optical fiber communication system include the transmitter (laser and LED), the fiber (multimode, single mode, dispersion-shifted) and the receiver (PIN and APD detectors, coherent detectors, optical preamplifiers, receiver electronics). These technologies are defined, their basic operating principles summarized, key parameters affecting system performance identified, and representative values given for both practical systems and current research results. Factors affecting application (both point-to-point and networking) are identified. Emphasis is on physical principles, performance limits, and technology and application directions.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802 will examine the driving forces for the development of communications technology. Government regulations will also be discussed as well as standardization bodies. The course will also review the sesign of standard for wireless communications.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.11 will provide an introduction covering both network and standard architectures. The course will also review access mechanisms and QoS – 802.11e. Physical layers and current trends in wireless local area networking (802.11p, mesh) will also be discussed.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.15 will provide an overview of WPAN. The course will delve into 802.15.1 (Bluetooth); 802.15.2 coexistence between Bluetooth (802.15.1) and 802.11b; and 802.15.3 (high-rate WPAN; 802.15.4) low-rate WPAN.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.16 will discuss network architectures for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). 802.16 MAC mechanisms and physical layers will also be reviewed. The course will also discuss enhancements for mobile BWA (802.16e).

Summary: This tutorial discusses how measurement is a key to life and explores where we use measurements. It defines instrumentation and measurement and reviews basic principles. Case studies detail car, LOX tank, submarine data acquisition system, and medical device examples. This tutorial also explores where instrumentation is found (e.g. laboratory, field instruments, car engine control, aircraft avionics and flight control, bridges, factories, houses, appliances) and discuss systems of instruments. It reviews sensor types, sizes and systems and covers basic instrumentation with a look at general configurations focused on areas such as inputs, conditioning and transformation, analog pre-processing, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), outputs and basic processing. Review system configurations and the evolution of system designs are also discussed. After completing this course you should be able to develop and understanding of: The need for measurement and basic principles of measurements; Basic components or subsystems of a measurement instrument; Various architectures that can define instrumentation.

Summary: As point-to-point links become more sophisticated, single-channel and WDM systems must dynamically adapt to changing environmental and traffic conditions in order to avoid SNR degradation. This scenario erupts into a much greater challenge when channels originate at different locations, as is the case with add/drop multiplexers, reconfigurable cross-connects, circuit-switched networking, and, eventually, optical packet switching. This course is intended for people interested in non-static and reconfigurable WDM systems and networks.

Summary: This tutorial is intended for those who are new to the field of power electronics. It discusses the disciplines that support power electronics, and provides some motivational examples that serve to illustrate how the form of power converters is developed to perform a function. Some elements of how power converters are controlled is also covered. The tutorial ends with a discussion of relevant reference materials.

Summary: Variability is a reality in nanometer semiconductor processes. This course will cover the sources of systematic and random variations of transistors and their surrounding interconnects. Included in the variability discussion will be withinchip variability, across-wafer variability, across-device variability, and device mismatch. The resulting impact upon an individual circuit’s functionality and timing will be explored. Analytical approaches will be shown for examining the variability’s impact upon leakage power, dynamic power, and circuit functionality of static and dynamic circuits, SRAM arrays, and PLLs. Techniques will include Monte-Carlo analysis, vector analysis, and statistical timing analysis.

Summary: This is a 2-part module. Introduction to Wireless Ad-hoc Networks will provide a technical overview and introduction to the topic of wireless ad-hoc networks. Wireless Ad-hoc networks will be defined. Major requirements and challenges of wireless ad-hoc networks will be covered. The solution space, and related technologies at different layers will be discussed.

Summary: The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is considered as the platform of choice for providing a unified session control on top of various access network technologies for realizing flexible multimedia applications. IMS, with its access-agnostic session layer, is also driving the concept of merging the fixed and mobile telecommunication networks with the Internet and the adoption of IP technologies within the telecom domain. IMS represents conceptually a combination of the traditional fixed and mobile networks from the telecom domain with emerging VoIP and Internet applications in order to implement a seamless multimedia service environment. This tutorial will address IMS vision, IMS concepts, procedures, protocols and services, fixed-mobile convergence, standardization activities, and early deployments of IMS networks.

Summary: This course will begin by outlining approaching limits of conventional CMOS technology. New architectural requirements and paradigms for future nanoelectronics will be described. .Top-down. and .bottom-up. manufacturing paradigms, particularly self-assembly of organic monolayers will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental realizations of molecular-scale electronic switches will be described. This course will also show nanoscale memory and logic circuits built with these materials and methods and will discuss potential nanoscale chemical and biological sensors built with these materials and methods.

Summary: This is a two-part course. Part 2 titled, "Molecular Electronics-II: Molecular Electronic Device Fabrication and Characterization" will: Discuss the advantages of molecular electronic devices and present experimental proof of concepts; Describe the formation of molecular junctions, the central component of molecular electronic devices; Describe the design and fabrication approaches for some of the most successful molecular electronic device prototypes; Present electrical characterization approaches and challenges; Discuss non-device based electrical screening approaches; Present the current status and outlook for molecular electronic devices.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. This tutorial is an introduction to the emerging opportunities in novel nanoscale devices and fabrication techniques, with particular emphasis on the implications for circuit and system designers. Topics covered include: fundamentals of device physics and materials science at the nanoscale, the ITRS Emerging Research Devices (memory & logic), nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, molecular devices, nanofabrication techniques and their impact on device layout. An assessment of the level of maturity for the proposed devices will be given. Part I provides an introduction, outlines key challenges, and covers ITRS emerging research devices, nanotubes and nanowires.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. This tutorial is an introduction to the emerging opportunities in novel nanoscale devices and fabrication techniques, with particular emphasis on the implications for circuit and system designers. Topics covered include: fundamentals of device physics and materials science at the nanoscale, the ITRS Emerging Research Devices (memory & logic), nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, molecular devices, nanofabrication techniques and their impact on device layout. An assessment of the level of maturity for the proposed devices will be given. Part II covers molecular electronics, emerging research memory devices, resistivity switching, nano for Si technology, and layout restrictions.

Summary: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a photonic technology that is able to increase the number of wavelengths in the same fiber, thus achieving higher aggregate bandwidth that exceeds 1 Tbit/s. Currently, WDM technology is considered the only optical communications technology for the present and future to be deployed in access as well as long-haul and ultra-long haul applications and in various network topologies. WDM is made possible by new photonic technology that brought to bear new photonic components. Among them are optical filters, modulators, gratings, optical amplifiers, couplers, splitters, optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM), optical cross-connects, tunable lasers, superfast and sensitive photodetectors, optical switches, polarizers, compensators and equalizers and new improved fiber. This tutorial identifies the photonic phenomena that determine the bounds of photonic transmission and countermeasure strategies, DWDM principles, optical components, systems and networks.

Summary: This course provides an introductory, tutorial-type overview of key optoelectronic devices for optical communication systems, specifically, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, optical modulators, and some WDM components. The course covers a broad range of devices with an emphasis on fundamental device physics and operating principles. Important performance parameters including design tradeoffs will also be discussed. The laser section will discuss applications and the types of lasers that are utilized for specific systems. Topics include multiple quantum well lasers, distributed feedback lasers, wavelength tunable lasers and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Photodetector topics will cover wide-bandwidth PINs and avalanche photodiodes as well as receivers with optical preamplification. State-of-the-art integrated receiver circuits will also be discussed. In the modulator section Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and quantum-confined-Stark-effect devices will be covered. There will be a brief description of recent developments in optical switching using MEMs technology.

Summary: The course will explain the theory underlying OFET operation, discuss practical fabrication strategies in use and underdevelopment, and discuss characterization and simulation of these devices, as well as some simple circuit implications considering their performance strengths and limitations.

Summary: Failure Mode Effects Analyses (FMEA) have proven to be an effective method for improving the reliability of hardware systems but many still consider software FMEAs to be problematic. This course provides a proven methodology and a detailed example for planning and performing FMEAs on software. An introduction to Software FMEA and relation to Hardware FMEA will be provided along with a step-by-step approach to performing software FMEA--using excerpts from a real example.

Summary: This course will introduce the overall approach to semiconductor device thermal characterization. The course will also focus on the principle of linear superposition as applied to thermal system design.

Summary: This course will provide an in-depth presentation of specific and highly non-linear thermal failure mechanisms (thermal runaway). The course will discuss how it arises and how it may be analyzed. The focus will be within the particular context of power semiconductor devices, but it should also become evident how the concept may be applied more generally.

Summary: This tutorial provides a practical introduction to PLL design for clock synthesis. The twin goals of the tutorial are to provide practical advice on solving real-world PLL problems and to help develop an intuitive feel for PLL theory in order to prevent common design mistakes. This tutorial includes basic feedback loop theory and common circuit implementations, with emphasis on typical problem spots. It also focuses on design for test and debug, an important but often overlooked topic. In 1988 I joined Integrated CMOS Systems as a circuit/device engineer, working on device modeling and characterization as well as cell library automation.

Summary: This course will discuss the requirements and transistor design issues in current and future low power technologies. After reviewing the tradeoffs between low standby and low active power, the methods for and required future innovations in low power process and transistor design will be discussed.

Summary: This course addresses needs of radar system analysts, engineers, and simulation programmers for simple, yet descriptive models for evaluating radar system performance. The course provides and explains equations, computational methods and data for modeling radar performance at the system level, and provides insight on how to use the models in radar system analysis. No advanced mathematics or specialized radar engineering knowledge is required.

Summary: This broad overview of techniques in real-time systems design and analysis provides a practical and quick introduction to the subject. The treatment is pragmatic and example-oriented, drawing on extensive experience rather than abstract and theoretically rigorous derivations; but it covers a great deal of territory, including real-time operating systems, software system design, and performance analysis and optimization, among others. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: What a real-time system is; Process management; Programming languages for real-time; Real-time design issues; Challenges for real-time systems engineers.

Summary: This tutorial presents an overview of the current developments in the field of embedded computing drawing from signal and image processing applications. The module reviews computing complexity drivers, implementation approaches in hardware and software, and concludes with a discussion on recent trends. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Generic Phased-Array Architecture; Real-Time Embedded Computing Implementation Options; Trends and Advanced Techniques.

Summary: Redundant or fault tolerant computer-based systems provide several challenges to reliability analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. Computer systems which are designed to achieve high reliability frequently employ high levels of redundancy, dynamic redundancy management and complex fault and error recovery techniques. It is precisely this flexibility and adaptability inherent in fault tolerant computer systems that makes analysis problematic. In this tutorial, Dynamic Fault Tree (DFT) modeling techniques for handling these difficulties are described. In this tutorial we introduce the DFT approach and apply the special gates to the analysis of several example systems. Subsequent sections discuss fault coverage and its impact on reliability analysis. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: The DFT approach with an emphasis on applying the special gates to the analysis of several example systems; Fault coverage and its impact on reliability analysis.

Summary: This tutorial provides an overview of the different requirements for RF filters in next generation multi-band multi-standard radio platforms. It also presents the required RF filter characteristics in relation to 3G radio performance parameters and system requirements.

Summary: This course reviews key RF transmitter power amplifier linearization issues. The underlying power amplifier nonlinearity problem, that of the competing requirements of power amplifier efficiency and linear signal transmission paths for bandwidth efficient, modulation-complex signals, is presented, together with the linearization solution. Modern linearization schemes and where linearization research, and technology, is headed is addressed.

Summary: In this course you will learn how to apply the concept of Risk Management to your business or your organization in order to prevent your exposure to the risks of loss due to the various risk factors that are involved in any engineering disciplines: Electrical, Software, Computer, Environmental, Mechanical, Biotech, and even Packaging. You will also learn how to use various controls in order to mitigate the severity of losses when they do occur. This course is grouped into six topics. They are professional liability, risk identification and evaluation, loss prevention (including quality management) and loss control, new business (adjusting to change), contracts, and documentation. After completing this course, you will be able to: identify risk factors, implement loss prevention techniques, and deal with changes in the risk management context.

Summary: The silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) is the first practical bandgap-engineered device to be realized in silicon. This c