Summary: This course- the first in a series of three - provides a foundation for understanding the field of cluster analysis in unlabeled data. The target audience for this course comprises undergraduate and graduate students majoring in engineering and science, as well as practicing engineers and scientists interested in either research about or applications of clustering to real world problems such as data mining, image analysis and bioinformatics. The subject matter is widely available in a number of standard textbooks given in the references below. The course begins with a discussion of the general nature of clustering. Three problems are identified: tendency assessment, partitioning and validation. Two types of data are discussed: object vector data, and pair wise objects relational data. Next, I develop the mathematical structure needed to carry clustering algorithms, discussing the notions of similarity, label vectors, partition matrices (U) and point prototypes (V). The second part of the course contains a description (and pseudo code) for one algorithm each from the four major categories of clustering methods. Specifically, I discuss and illustrate with a numerical example: (i) the U only model for single linkage clustering; (ii) the V only model for clustering with Kohonen's self-organizing map; (iii) the (U,V) model for clustering with the hard and fuzzy c-means models; and (iv) the (U,V,+) model for clustering using the expectation-maximization algorithm for Gaussian mixture decomposition.

Summary: As the embedded market is expected to increase in the near future, a standardized software design methodology for these systems is desirable, but currently does not exist. The design of a real-time embedded system involves selecting a hardware platform and either 1) selecting a commercially available realtime operating system (RTOS) or 2) utilizing a ‘round-robin’ loop customized for the application. Presuming that the software requirements have been established within a Software Requirements Document (SRS), implementing these requirements in code using either choice for an operating system usually presents problems downstream, with regard to software maintenance and the verification and validation processes. This course provides an alternate method for designing realtime embedded software systems. After completing this course you should have an understanding of: The importance of a properly documented Software Requirements Specification (SRS); How to use State Diagrams to design software processes; How to present the core data structures, files, the ‘executive’ and system calls.

Summary: This tutorial will provide an overview of advanced interconnect technologies, including dielectric materials, patterning, metallization, CMP, and packaging. New processes will be discussed, such as ultra-low K dielectrics, air-gap structures, low-damage patterning methods, thin barrier and seed layers, refractory metal capping layers, and novel CMP techniques. The effect of these processes on performance and reliability will be briefly described.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. The Advanced Protocols for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks will illustrate that in Ad-Hoc networks where there is no underlying fixed infrastructure, tasks such as network self-organization, mobility management, adaptive route detection for unicast and multicast applications, and provisioning of Gateway functionality to interconnect the ad-hoc network to the rest of the Internet space must be handled according to rules that are unique to the ad-hoc nature of the system. Topics related to support of QoS at various network layers will also be discussed, with emphasis on layers 2, 3, and 4 of the network. We will investigate the performance of these protocols in terms of their level of scalability to different sizes, and traffic loads. Topics of security will also be discussed.

Summary: Neural Networks are information processing systems inspired by the ability of human brain to learn from observations and to generalize by abstraction. It has been used in diverse fields such as pattern recognition, speech processing, control, medical applications and more. In recent years, it has emerged as an attractive vehicle in the RF/microwave CAD community to address the challenges in high-frequency electronic modeling and design. Neural networks can learn and generalize from data allowing model development even when component formulas are unavailable. Neural network models are universal approximators allowing re-use of the same modeling technology for both linear and nonlinear problems and at both device and circuit levels.

Summary: RF power amplifiers have received a great deal of attention and development effort over the last decade, mainly due to the challenging requirements of the wireless communications industry. This effort has not only led to some impressive progress in PA performance, it has also led to some revisions and rethinking in traditional PA theory. this course will highlight how these developments will undoubtedly have an impact on PA design in all application areas, including but not restricted to wireless communications.

Summary: This course will provide an overview of the study of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. I will present the fundamentals of biometrics and biometric systems. The course will delve into why biometrics is a solution for security and authentication. Face, gait and ECG based biometrics will be covered. Biometrics and encryption will also be discussed, and the course will conclude with a discussion of future steps.

Summary: The accuracy of Vector-Network-Analyzer (VNA) measurements depends critically on calibration and error correction techniques. This course will cover the evolution of conventional VNA calibration methods from the start of network analysis through the development of new calibration methods for waveform and large-signal analysis.

Summary: Beginning with a brief review of CMOS scaling trends from 1 µm to 0.1 µm, this tutorial examines the fundamental factors that will ultimately limit CMOS scaling and considers the design issues near the limit of scaling. The fundamental limiting factors are electron thermal energy, tunneling leakage through gate oxide, and 2D electrostatic scale length. Both the standby power and the active power of a processor chip will increase precipitously below the 0.1-µm or 100-nm technology generation. To extend CMOS scaling to the shortest channel length possible while still gaining significant performance benefit, an optimized, vertically and laterally nonuniform doping design (superhalo) is presented. It is projected that room-temperature CMOS will be scaled to 20-nm channel length with the superhalo profile. Low-temperature CMOS allows additional design space to further extend CMOS scaling to near 10 nm.

Summary: This course covers the rapidly evolving field of Computational Intelligence and focuses on the current understanding of the fundamental principles of working the mind, their computational implementations, and practical applications. This tutorial covers mind mechanisms, including concepts, emotions, instincts, behavior, language, cognition, understanding, thinking, intuitions, conscious and unconscious, abilities for formation of symbols and aesthetic feelings. Computational techniques are given for these mechanisms and abilities. The goal of this tutorial is to provide a basic mathematical understanding of the working of the mind. Its secondary goal is to demonstrate practical applications of these mechanisms for pattern recognition, tracking, fusion, search engines, and for integrated systems combining sensor signals and communication data. Lastly, this tutorial will outline future research directions. Historical and current difficulties in developing intelligent systems (IS) and applications will be discussed along with how the mind and new computational techniques overcome these difficulties.

Summary: Almost all systems of interest in reliability applications are designed to be repaired, rather than discarded, after their first failure. Nevertheless, most reliability texts overemphasize nonrepairable items (henceforth, "parts"); if repairable systems (henceforth, "systems") are addressed, they usually are assumed to be same-as-new after repair. Such renewal by repair is neither plausible, nor mathematically tractable, nor even desirable since reliability growth is sought. Moreover, even with the utmost care in distinguishing between parts and systems, failure-data-sets for parts and systems look similar, their mathematical models look similar and even fundamentally different analysis results often look similar. Most reliability texts are impeccably rigorous when addressing parts but, unfortunately, many become extremely sloppy when treating systems - which require much more rigor! All these interacting factors have caused widespread misconceptions about even basic systems' reliability concepts. For example, what could be simpler than the idea that a system's reliability is improving if it fails less often with increasing operating time? In general, there is no connection between this concept and decreasing "failure rate" since the blatant misnomer "failure rate" almost always is defined as a property of a part's distribution of time-to-failure. Moreover, even under the definition for parts, increasing "failure rate" does not imply a monotonically increasing average number of part failures per unit time. This course presents basic concepts and models for parts and systems and stresses their up to infinite differences, rather than their superficially striking but relatively unimportant similarities.

Summary: The Cooperative Control of Multiagent Systems course will illustrate the various attributes needed in such systems and the complexity inherent to the design. Cooperative systems are currently limited in capacity and in availability, partly due to this so-called complexity and to the multifaceted nature of design and analysis. This course will focus on the well-known problem of multiagent path planning, with brief discussions of advanced techniques for formation flight health management. The optimization problem and its solution will be cast in the framework of dynamic programming and Markov decision processes, typical of problems of optimization under uncertainty. A discussion of the results of numerical simulations, integrating decision-making with closed-loop dynamics of the air vehicles, for both formation flight and path planning, will conclude the course.

Summary: This course will familiarize learners with the need to strengthen the protection of the control systems used in the industry against cyber (electronic) threats. The control systems addressed include SCADA systems, IEDs, substation automation systems, and distribution control systems. The course will identify the major threats, and outline practical suggestions about how the security of these systems may be enhanced. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Issues relating to cyber security (Why do people care about this subject?); The threats to the security of control systems (Who are the intruders, and why do they do what they do?); What makes control systems vulnerable to intrusion?; Industry’s experience is with breaches of security? (Separating the myths from the reality); What utilities are required or advised to do to protect their systems (Rules, regulations, and standards: steering through the regulatory thicket); What utilities can do now to protect their systems (Practical steps that go beyond what is currently required.); Anticipated future developments to enhance the cyber security of control systems.

Summary: This course discusses on-chip wires, how to model them, what are their problems (and their advantages) and some solutions. Topics that will be covered include: Wire characteristics and how they determine performance; Wires under technology scaling; and Methods to improve wire performance.

Summary: Six Sigma improves both product and process quality, eliminating defects using a suite of tools that span: statistical, analytical, and collaborative domains. The six sigma nomenclatures cross over different languages and cultures with improved understanding and exactness. Six Sigma improves our every day processes.

The Six Sigma process has been extended to take the initiative in developing better designs that avoid problems rather than having to go back and correct them. This is the Design-for-Six Sigma (DFSS) initiative. It focuses on getting correct requirements, communicating these effectively across the team, examining and managing the design and environment anomalies, and flowing down tolerances from the system level to the component levels (also known as critical parameter management). Recently, the practices within DFSS have been further extended from Hardware Reliability to Software Quality and Reliability, and for that matter, to other aspects of product development including: Portfolio and Marketing Analysis, Technology Research and Development, Product Commercialization, Supply Chain and other support functions. These processes have been shown to deliver products with as few as 3-4 defects per million opportunities, such as seen on space shuttle software or commercial aircraft flights in the US.

Summary: The concept of the 'Analog Front End' (AFE), which is the interface to the real world in most IC-system chips, is first introduced. The course then focuses on active-RC filters which constitute an essential part of most AFEs. The formulation of filter specifications and the basic ideas associated with classical filter approximation theory are then briefly reviewed. Some key points of classical network theory, as needed for the understanding of inductorless filter design, are then briefly recalled. This is followed by some basic concepts of signal-flow graph theory, which permit the transition from transfer function (resulting from approximation theory) to circuit topology. After the review of these introductory and basic concepts, the stage is set to consider some of the most important and established active-RC filter-design techniques. Examples are given for the conversion of classical LCR filter structures into inductorless active-RC filter circuits that are amenable to IC chip design. The examples are taken from typical modern communication systems. Finally, filters designed using the design techniques covered in the course are compared in terms of practical performance criteria such as thermal output noise, sensitivity to component tolerances, and tunablity.

Summary: As today's ubiquitous wireless devices decrease in size, there is an increasing demand for physically smaller antennas, yet the performance requirements are rarely relaxed. Optimizing the performance properties of electrically small antennas represents a significant design challenge for the antenna engineer. This course provides a discussion on the fundamental theory, challenges and performance trade-offs associated with the design of electrically small antennas. The course begins with a brief overview of the basic theory and concepts associated with electrically small antennas. This segment of the presentation provides an understanding of antenna performance limitations in terms of impedance, radiation patterns, bandwidth, efficiency, and quality factor. Techniques used to design self-resonant electrically small antennas are described and compared. These include dielectric loading, linear loading (increasing wire length), top-loading, and "folded" configurations. The relationship between the antenna¿s performance characteristics and its physical properties is discussed. Issues such as the significance of antenna geometry are considered. The performance of the small antenna on small finite ground planes is considered with a particular emphasis on how the antenna¿s location on the ground plane affects impedance, pattern and polarization properties. The lecture concludes with a discussion on recent advances made in the design of low profile, conformal and integrated device antennas.

Summary: The objective of this course is to provide a state of the art review of phase locked loop circuits and applications from a design and development perspective. Intended for RF and Microwave Engineers, the course details out the design and development of phase locked loop circuits. Topics include PLL basics, VCOs, phase detectors, open and close loop characterization, loop filter design, and phase noise concepts. Examples will be given to a variety of problems relevant to the design of phase locked loops.

Summary: This tutorial introduces the General Feedback Theorem (GFT). Feedback systems are usually designed with the familiar single-loop block diagram in mind. Various nonidealities, such as unavoidable minor loops and direct forward transmission, make the single-loop block diagram progressively less useful. The GFT defines a natural block diagram model that is identical in format to the single-loop model that is conventionally assumed, thus providing a desirable link between general feedback theory and a detailed circuit diagram analyzed in terms of factored pole-zero transfer functions. The GFT is illustrated on a potentially unstable Darlington emitter/source follower stage, and leads to design criteria that limit the maximum peaking regardless of the value of the load capacitance. Another example is a two-stage feedback amplifier having various nonidealities, including loading interactions at all points, direct forward transmission, and two minor loops. The GFT is computer friendly, and emphasis is on the numerical and graphical results obtained by use of an Intusoft ICAP/4 circuit simulator.

Summary: This tutorial presents an overview of the fundamentals of fuel cell engineering and of the history of fuel cell development for electric power applications. The fuel cell uses a catalyzed reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer to directly produce electricity. Its high theoretical efficiency and low temperature operation made it a subject of much study upon its invention ca. 1900, but its relatively high life cycle costs kept it as solution in search of a problem for its first half century. After completing this course you should have an understanding of: The place of fuel cells among energy conversion technologies; The basic principles of fuel cell electrochemistry; The engineering fundamentals of fuel cell power plants for both transportation and stationary applications; The differing power system engineering tradeoffs that drive the development of fuel cell technology for NASA's manned space program in a direction different than that for applications for The Hydrogen Economy.

Summary: The role of Radio-Frequency (RF) Power Amplifiers (PAs) in today's and tomorrow's consumer and state-of-the-art electronics is crucial, catering to the stringent performance (i.e., linearity and output power) and real-estate (i.e., size) requirements of portable systems and the power limitations of battery-powered applications. Key to the success of any portable device is battery life (or runtime), and PAs can be a significant and detrimental load in this regard, especially because they capture a significant portion of the total power budget and they characteristically have poor power efficiencies. This course will address the advent of dynamically adaptive biasing schemes in PA applications to increase power efficiencies, which is generally done by essentially transforming and redefining the operating environment of the PA for maximum performance at optimum power levels, and consequently prolonging battery life. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of dynamically adaptive biasing schemes in PA applications.

Summary: This tutorial discusses examples of reliability mechanisms and how these can affect the normal operation of selected VLSI circuits. Large circuit-count ASIC chips use standard digital and analog circuits such as Logic gates, eSRAM, eDRAM and I/O circuits which must function properly under various voltage and thermal environments. These chips are subjected to Reliability Screens such as Burn In to activate latent defects and screen out those chips that cannot meet product specifications for performance, power and operating margins. The advent of degraded VLSI circuit operating margins due to the activated defects as well as reliability mechanisms such as negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), hot carrier injection (HCI), and others will be discussed. How these failing circuits can then manifest themselves in observed product failures will also be discussed. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Reliability and today's VLSI chips; Reliability and VLSI design; VLSI circuits; Circuit reliability mechanisms.

Summary: This is a 2-part tutorial. The second-half of the course will examine the basis of vector control and encoder-less operation of ac machines in order to design speed and position controllers for such machines. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of the basis of vector control and encoder-less operation of ac machines.

Summary: This is a 2-part tutorial. The first-half of this course will focus on the basics and analyze induction and permanent-magnet ac machines in a way that clearly explains how these machines operate on a physical basis, and hence how they ought to be controlled for optimum performance. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of how ac machines operate on a physical basis.

Summary: This tutorial covers the basic issues of metrology and measurement activity. The measurement concept is introduced, showing why a measurement result cannot ever be the “true” value of the measured quantity. The uncertainty concept is defined, and the way it can be expressed and estimated is analyzed. The recommendation of the present international reference standard (IEC ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) is also discussed. Alessandro Ferrero is a professor of electrical and electronic measurements at the Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica of the Politecnico di Milano. His current research interests are concerned with the application of digital methods to electrical measurements and measurements on electric power systems under nonsinusoidal conditions, and with the metrological characterization of instruments based on complex DSP algorithms.

Summary: This last module in the series discusses just one approach to the interesting and important problem of clustering in very large (VL) data. The target audience is graduate students majoring in engineering and science, and practicing engineers and scientists interested in either research about or applications of clustering applied to very large real world problems that occur in data mining, image analysis and bioinformatics. Almost none of the subject matter in this course is available in textbooks; almost all of it is the object of (my own) current research, and as such, it reflects my own bias, prejudices, background and interests. I have supplied references that contain pointers to many nice papers on these topics that use related or competitive methods that have been proposed and studied by others. I begin with a characterization of VL data. For me, this means any data set that you cannot load into your computer. Not an objective definition, but a definition that is easy to understand and practical, because there is a data set too big for any computer you use, and hence, VL for you. There are two main approaches to clustering in VL data; distributed clustering, and progressing sampling followed by extension. I discuss the first approach briefly, but it seems much more difficult to me than the second approach. Next, I define progressive sampling followed by (non-iterative) extension. This idea is pretty general: it can accelerate most (but not all) iterative algorithms that estimate parameters with loadable data (this is true for both clustering and classifier design!), and, it provides a means for approximating the outputs of many algorithms for unloadable data. So, one of the main points of this third course is to establish the basic ideas of progressive sampling and extension. The method of clustering in VL data by (sampling + extension) is developed and illustrated with four clustering algorithms: (i) extended fast fuzzy c-means (eFFCM) for segmentation of VL images; generalized fast fuzzy c-means (geFFCM) for clustering in VL object data (VL sets of feature vectors in p dimensions); (iii) generalized fast expectation maximization (geFEM) for clustering by Gaussian mixture decomposition in VL object data; and (iv), extended non-Euclidean relational fuzzy c-means (eNERF) for clustering in VL (square) relational data. These four methods are presented in the spirit of active research - i.e., parts of them clearly need improvement and more testing, and I expect much of this material to be replaced by better approaches as our understanding of clustering using this approach matures.

Summary: In recent years the converging digital technologies of television, publishing, telephony and computers, the so-called multimedia revolution, have prompted the deployment of a multitude of high-speed applications from streaming video to the World Wide Web to desktop video editing. An immediate impact of this evolution is the ever-increasing demand for Internet bandwidth, the more intelligent use of already available resources and the use of overlay networks in the home. Because of the emergence of the home networks, the nature of networking itself is changing dramatically. It is moving away from supporting mainly home business and education applications and into the infotainment world where video and audio are now predominant and IPTV is emerging as the “killer app”. This module will review the Home Networking standards from transmission, like the popular 802.11 wireless, to middleware like OCAP or MHP. It will of course review the important IP protocols, like those related to Quality of Service, that make Home Networking and IP based entertainment possible.

Summary: This course will begin by providing a historical perspective of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Next an overview of the Toyota input split e-CVT fundamentals and operation, and the Ford input split e-CVT fundamentals and operation will be presented. The course will then focus on e-CVT dynamics. Electric variator theory and input split examples will be provided followed by a presentation of GM-Allison compound split fundamentals and operation. Next, Compound split dynamics will be presented followed by the Timken compound split system and the Renault compound split system. Finally, energy storage system technologies will be presented as well as a summary and cost illustrations. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: The history of Hybrid Electric Vehicles; Electric veriator theory; Energy storage system technologies.

Summary: The IEEE802.11n standard will enable a new class of consumer and enterprise products utilizing wireless LAN connectivity that is ten times faster than is feasible with the current IEEE802.11a/b/g standards. This tutorial will provide a comprehensive overview of the Media Access Control (MAC) Layer defined in the p802.11n draft standard. The 802.11n MAC tutorial is a companion to the 802.11n PHY tutorial although familiarity with the PHY tutorial is not required for this tutorial.

The tutorial begins with an overview of the applications, environments, channel models, use cases, and usage models developed by the study group and task group which provided the framework for proposal development. We continue with a history of the various coalitions that ultimately led to the final joint proposal adopted as the draft standard. This part of the tutorial contains similar information to the PHY tutorial and is repeated in a truncated form for the benefit of participants who may not view the PHY tutorial.

The technical portion of the tutorial begins with an overview of why changes are needed in the MAC to achieve high throughput. The tutorial then covers the major features that improve MAC efficiency, including aggregation and the various modifications made to the block acknowledgement protocol.

The 802.11n amendment introduces 40MHz operation, new frame formats and reduced interframe spacing among other things. The tutorial goes on to describe the features that support coexistance and interoperability with legacy devices as well as among the various capability classes of 802.11n devices.>>Finally the tutorial covers some of the more advanced features added to the standard, including the reverse direction protocol, fast link adaptation and transmit beamforming.

Summary: The IEEE802.11n standard will enable a new class of consumer and enterprise products utilizing wireless LAN connectivity that is ten times faster than is feasible with the current IEEE802.11a/b/g standards. This tutorial will provide a comprehensive overview of the Physical Layer (PHY) technology in the p802.11n draft standard. The course will begin with an overview of the applications, environments, channel models, use cases, and usage models developed by the study group and task group which provided the framework for proposal development. We continue with a history of the various coalitions that ultimately led to the final joint proposal adopted as the draft standard. The technical description of the draft standard starts with a detailed discussion of the key throughput enhancing features: multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) / space division multiplexing (SDM) in the PHY. Further throughput enhancements in the PHY include 40 MHz channelization, reduced guard interval, tone filling, high rate coding, and efficient (greenfield) preambles. Additional topics include PHY interoperability techniques such as the mixed mode preamble, legacy spoofing, and auto-preamble detection. An overview will be provided of the robustness enhancements in the PHY. The PHY techniques include spatial spreading, receive diversity, transmit beamforming, space-time block code (STBC), and low density parity check (LDPC) codes.

Summary: Computational Intelligence techniques are a powerful and adaptable approach to tackle problems and cases for which the conventional technologies have not been proved sufficiently effective. These results are achieved by mimicking some aspects of the knowledge representation and processing performed by the brain. The computational efforts implied by these approaches are usually quite relevant.

Summary: This course examines Information Theory and our efforts to develop an information-theoretic criterion which can be utilized in adaptive filtering and neurocomputing. The main aim of our research is to develop new signal processing techniques by going beyond the basic assumptions of Linearity, Gaussianity and Stationarity. By capturing higher order statistics of data using Information Theory, we solve a variety of problems in Biomedical Signal Processing, Communications and Machine Learning.

Summary: This tutorial would introduce important issues in preparing, designing, and developing a product including: Systems Engineering – Process, design, and development; Architecture – Hardware, Software, Tradeoffs; Interface choices; Reliability versus fault tolerance; Review and Testing - Debugging, inspections, integration, validation, verification; Documentation; The Human Interface - User-centered design, elements of successful interfaces; Packaging - Its influence, environmental issues, wiring and assembly issues; Power - Types of converters and distribution; Cooling - Mechanisms, types of heat transfer, and tradeoffs; Problems - types of problems, failure, remedies, integrity.

Summary: This course provides an overview of fiber optic communications technology and applications. It assumes some general technical background in telecommunications, but no prior knowledge of fiber optics. The basic components of an optical fiber communication system include the transmitter (laser and LED), the fiber (multimode, single mode, dispersion-shifted) and the receiver (PIN and APD detectors, coherent detectors, optical preamplifiers, receiver electronics). These technologies are defined, their basic operating principles summarized, key parameters affecting system performance identified, and representative values given for both practical systems and current research results. Factors affecting application (both point-to-point and networking) are identified. Emphasis is on physical principles, performance limits, and technology and application directions.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802 will examine the driving forces for the development of communications technology. Government regulations will also be discussed as well as standardization bodies. The course will also review the sesign of standard for wireless communications.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.11 will provide an introduction covering both network and standard architectures. The course will also review access mechanisms and QoS – 802.11e. Physical layers and current trends in wireless local area networking (802.11p, mesh) will also be discussed.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.15 will provide an overview of WPAN. The course will delve into 802.15.1 (Bluetooth); 802.15.2 coexistence between Bluetooth (802.15.1) and 802.11b; and 802.15.3 (high-rate WPAN; 802.15.4) low-rate WPAN.

Summary: Introduction to IEEE 802.16 will discuss network architectures for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). 802.16 MAC mechanisms and physical layers will also be reviewed. The course will also discuss enhancements for mobile BWA (802.16e).

Summary: This tutorial discusses how measurement is a key to life and explores where we use measurements. It defines instrumentation and measurement and reviews basic principles. Case studies detail car, LOX tank, submarine data acquisition system, and medical device examples. This tutorial also explores where instrumentation is found (e.g. laboratory, field instruments, car engine control, aircraft avionics and flight control, bridges, factories, houses, appliances) and discuss systems of instruments. It reviews sensor types, sizes and systems and covers basic instrumentation with a look at general configurations focused on areas such as inputs, conditioning and transformation, analog pre-processing, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), outputs and basic processing. Review system configurations and the evolution of system designs are also discussed. After completing this course you should be able to develop and understanding of: The need for measurement and basic principles of measurements; Basic components or subsystems of a measurement instrument; Various architectures that can define instrumentation.

Summary: As point-to-point links become more sophisticated, single-channel and WDM systems must dynamically adapt to changing environmental and traffic conditions in order to avoid SNR degradation. This scenario erupts into a much greater challenge when channels originate at different locations, as is the case with add/drop multiplexers, reconfigurable cross-connects, circuit-switched networking, and, eventually, optical packet switching. This course is intended for people interested in non-static and reconfigurable WDM systems and networks.

Summary: This tutorial is intended for those who are new to the field of power electronics. It discusses the disciplines that support power electronics, and provides some motivational examples that serve to illustrate how the form of power converters is developed to perform a function. Some elements of how power converters are controlled is also covered. The tutorial ends with a discussion of relevant reference materials.

Summary: Variability is a reality in nanometer semiconductor processes. This course will cover the sources of systematic and random variations of transistors and their surrounding interconnects. Included in the variability discussion will be withinchip variability, across-wafer variability, across-device variability, and device mismatch. The resulting impact upon an individual circuit’s functionality and timing will be explored. Analytical approaches will be shown for examining the variability’s impact upon leakage power, dynamic power, and circuit functionality of static and dynamic circuits, SRAM arrays, and PLLs. Techniques will include Monte-Carlo analysis, vector analysis, and statistical timing analysis.

Summary: This course will provide an introduction to and an overview of type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FSs) and systems. It will locate type-2 fuzzy sets and systems in an educational taxonomy, so that the student will appreciate from the onset the importance of studying such fuzzy sets; explain what a T2 FS is, how it is different from a type-1 FS, and why it is needed; provide careful definitions and pictures of the new terminology of T2 FSs; explain the importance of interval type-2 fuzzy sets over more general T2 FSs; explain important representations for a T2 FS (one is very good for computing, and another is very good for quickly developing the structure of the solution to a new theoretical problem); explain how T2 FSs are used in a rule-based system (a fuzzy logic system-FLS); describe the detailed computations that are used for an interval T2 FLS, relying mostly on graphical pictures; compare those computations with their type-1 counterparts; explain the major obstacle to using a T2 FLS in a real-time application and how that obstacle has been overcome; and wrap up the course with a plug for the applications course and a short reading list.

Summary: Networked devices should be as easy for consumers to set up as stereo equipment-when you plug it in and turn it on, it just works. Universal Plug and Play technology can make this happen.

Traditionally, network peripherals have not been easy to install. Recent standards such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Plug-and-Play have improved the situation so that devices are automatically detected and device drivers automatically installed. Yet, networked devices, like Internet gateways and networked printers, still require manual setup and configuration.

In this course you will learn the motivation and context for creation of UPnP technologies, the organization and structure of the UPnP Forum, basic concepts and terminology of the UPnP architecture, and a detailed review of the framework protocols such as SSDP, SOAP, and GENA.

Summary: This is a 2-part module. Introduction to Wireless Ad-hoc Networks will provide a technical overview and introduction to the topic of wireless ad-hoc networks. Wireless Ad-hoc networks will be defined. Major requirements and challenges of wireless ad-hoc networks will be covered. The solution space, and related technologies at different layers will be discussed.

Summary: The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is considered as the platform of choice for providing a unified session control on top of various access network technologies for realizing flexible multimedia applications. IMS, with its access-agnostic session layer, is also driving the concept of merging the fixed and mobile telecommunication networks with the Internet and the adoption of IP technologies within the telecom domain. IMS represents conceptually a combination of the traditional fixed and mobile networks from the telecom domain with emerging VoIP and Internet applications in order to implement a seamless multimedia service environment. This tutorial will address IMS vision, IMS concepts, procedures, protocols and services, fixed-mobile convergence, standardization activities, and early deployments of IMS networks.

Summary: There are rapidly emerging needs to deal with distributed sources of data (sensors and sensor networks, web sites, databases). While recognizing their limited accessibility at a global level (associated with technical constraints and/or privacy issues) and fully acknowledging benefits of collaborative processing, we propose a concept of Collaborative Computational Intelligence (CI), and collaborative fuzzy models, in particular. The variety of possible mechanisms of interaction is organized into a setting of the C³ interaction paradigm (communication - collaboration - consensus). This helps us offer a coherent taxonomy of various schemes of interaction which in the sequel implies a certain development of a suite of algorithms. In this setting, the role granular information in the establishing of the mechanisms of interaction plays a pivotal role.
We consider distributed fuzzy models and fuzzy modeling. In particular, we elaborate on the key design issues concerning fuzzy rule-based systems with local functional models occurring at their conclusion parts and show how the fundamental modes of interaction are exploited here. It will be demonstrated that more advanced constructs such as type-2 fuzzy sets emerge naturally in distributed fuzzy modeling and come with a well-defined semantics of their membership functions by being fully reflective of the character of the underlying distributed data.
In the context of collaborative fuzzy modeling, we bring forward a concept experience-consistent fuzzy system identification showing how fuzzy models built on a basis of limited data can benefit from taking advantage of the past experience conveyed in the form of previously constructed fuzzy models. Detailed algorithmic considerations embrace several design scenarios in which we apply the mechanism of experience consistency at the level of conditions and conclusions of the rules. We also show that a level of achieved experience-driven consistency can be quantified through fuzzy sets (fuzzy numbers) of the parameters of the local models standing in the conclusion parts of the rules this leading to the emergence of granular constructs of fuzzy modeling.

Summary: This course will begin by outlining approaching limits of conventional CMOS technology. New architectural requirements and paradigms for future nanoelectronics will be described. .Top-down. and .bottom-up. manufacturing paradigms, particularly self-assembly of organic monolayers will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental realizations of molecular-scale electronic switches will be described. This course will also show nanoscale memory and logic circuits built with these materials and methods and will discuss potential nanoscale chemical and biological sensors built with these materials and methods.

Summary: This is a two-part course. Part 2 titled, "Molecular Electronics-II: Molecular Electronic Device Fabrication and Characterization" will: Discuss the advantages of molecular electronic devices and present experimental proof of concepts; Describe the formation of molecular junctions, the central component of molecular electronic devices; Describe the design and fabrication approaches for some of the most successful molecular electronic device prototypes; Present electrical characterization approaches and challenges; Discuss non-device based electrical screening approaches; Present the current status and outlook for molecular electronic devices.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. This tutorial is an introduction to the emerging opportunities in novel nanoscale devices and fabrication techniques, with particular emphasis on the implications for circuit and system designers. Topics covered include: fundamentals of device physics and materials science at the nanoscale, the ITRS Emerging Research Devices (memory & logic), nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, molecular devices, nanofabrication techniques and their impact on device layout. An assessment of the level of maturity for the proposed devices will be given. Part I provides an introduction, outlines key challenges, and covers ITRS emerging research devices, nanotubes and nanowires.

Summary: This is a 2-part course. This tutorial is an introduction to the emerging opportunities in novel nanoscale devices and fabrication techniques, with particular emphasis on the implications for circuit and system designers. Topics covered include: fundamentals of device physics and materials science at the nanoscale, the ITRS Emerging Research Devices (memory & logic), nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, molecular devices, nanofabrication techniques and their impact on device layout. An assessment of the level of maturity for the proposed devices will be given. Part II covers molecular electronics, emerging research memory devices, resistivity switching, nano for Si technology, and layout restrictions.

Summary: Early diagnostics of diseases is the key to treatment, cure, and fatality prevention. Various biomedical sensors are available or being developed to achieve early disease diagnostics with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonic imaging, X-ray imaging, CT scan, optical coherent tomography (OCT), endoscopy, microscopy, spectroscopy, etc. Among these techniques, optical technologies, including various microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, provide the possibility to observe a large range of objects, from organs, cells, to molecules, with fast (ideally real-time) response and high spatial and spectral resolutions. In addition, to make the diagnostic tests of diseases, such as cancers, more accessible to the general public it is important to provide easy early diagnostic tools packaged as portable information devices. Such early diagnostics portable information devices must be highly sensitive, disease specific, reliable, inexpensive, easy to fabricate, fast, and compact.

This course will provide an overview of various optical biomedical sensors, including both imaging and spectroscopic techniques, and introduce some recent developments in biomedical sensors, such as nanoparticle surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and its application in compact molecular sensors. Specifically, the following topics will be discussed: interaction of light with tissues, cells, and molecules; bioimaging including optical microscopy, endoscopic imaging, fluorescence imaging, and optical tomography; spectroscopy including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy; optical fiber surface enhanced Raman probes for biomedical applications.

Summary: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a photonic technology that is able to increase the number of wavelengths in the same fiber, thus achieving higher aggregate bandwidth that exceeds 1 Tbit/s. Currently, WDM technology is considered the only optical communications technology for the present and future to be deployed in access as well as long-haul and ultra-long haul applications and in various network topologies. WDM is made possible by new photonic technology that brought to bear new photonic components. Among them are optical filters, modulators, gratings, optical amplifiers, couplers, splitters, optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM), optical cross-connects, tunable lasers, superfast and sensitive photodetectors, optical switches, polarizers, compensators and equalizers and new improved fiber. This tutorial identifies the photonic phenomena that determine the bounds of photonic transmission and countermeasure strategies, DWDM principles, optical components, systems and networks.

Summary: This course provides an introductory, tutorial-type overview of key optoelectronic devices for optical communication systems, specifically, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, optical modulators, and some WDM components. The course covers a broad range of devices with an emphasis on fundamental device physics and operating principles. Important performance parameters including design tradeoffs will also be discussed. The laser section will discuss applications and the types of lasers that are utilized for specific systems. Topics include multiple quantum well lasers, distributed feedback lasers, wavelength tunable lasers and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Photodetector topics will cover wide-bandwidth PINs and avalanche photodiodes as well as receivers with optical preamplification. State-of-the-art integrated receiver circuits will also be discussed. In the modulator section Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and quantum-confined-Stark-effect devices will be covered. There will be a brief description of recent developments in optical switching using MEMs technology.

Summary: The course will explain the theory underlying OFET operation, discuss practical fabrication strategies in use and underdevelopment, and discuss characterization and simulation of these devices, as well as some simple circuit implications considering their performance strengths and limitations.

Summary: Failure Mode Effects Analyses (FMEA) have proven to be an effective method for improving the reliability of hardware systems but many still consider software FMEAs to be problematic. This course provides a proven methodology and a detailed example for planning and performing FMEAs on software. An introduction to Software FMEA and relation to Hardware FMEA will be provided along with a step-by-step approach to performing software FMEA--using excerpts from a real example.

Summary: This course will introduce the overall approach to semiconductor device thermal characterization. The course will also focus on the principle of linear superposition as applied to thermal system design.

Summary: This course will provide an in-depth presentation of specific and highly non-linear thermal failure mechanisms (thermal runaway). The course will discuss how it arises and how it may be analyzed. The focus will be within the particular context of power semiconductor devices, but it should also become evident how the concept may be applied more generally.

Summary: This course gives an overview of power quality with an emphasis on IEEE and IEC standards. Technical areas that are briefly covered include: voltage sags, grounding, harmonics, voltage flicker, and transients.

Summary: This tutorial provides a practical introduction to PLL design for clock synthesis. The twin goals of the tutorial are to provide practical advice on solving real-world PLL problems and to help develop an intuitive feel for PLL theory in order to prevent common design mistakes. This tutorial includes basic feedback loop theory and common circuit implementations, with emphasis on typical problem spots. It also focuses on design for test and debug, an important but often overlooked topic. In 1988 I joined Integrated CMOS Systems as a circuit/device engineer, working on device modeling and characterization as well as cell library automation.

Summary: This course will discuss the requirements and transistor design issues in current and future low power technologies. After reviewing the tradeoffs between low standby and low active power, the methods for and required future innovations in low power process and transistor design will be discussed.

Summary: This course addresses needs of radar system analysts, engineers, and simulation programmers for simple, yet descriptive models for evaluating radar system performance. The course provides and explains equations, computational methods and data for modeling radar performance at the system level, and provides insight on how to use the models in radar system analysis. No advanced mathematics or specialized radar engineering knowledge is required.

Summary: This broad overview of techniques in real-time systems design and analysis provides a practical and quick introduction to the subject. The treatment is pragmatic and example-oriented, drawing on extensive experience rather than abstract and theoretically rigorous derivations; but it covers a great deal of territory, including real-time operating systems, software system design, and performance analysis and optimization, among others. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: What a real-time system is; Process management; Programming languages for real-time; Real-time design issues; Challenges for real-time systems engineers.

Summary: This tutorial presents an overview of the current developments in the field of embedded computing drawing from signal and image processing applications. The module reviews computing complexity drivers, implementation approaches in hardware and software, and concludes with a discussion on recent trends. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Generic Phased-Array Architecture; Real-Time Embedded Computing Implementation Options; Trends and Advanced Techniques.

Summary: Redundant or fault tolerant computer-based systems provide several challenges to reliability analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. Computer systems which are designed to achieve high reliability frequently employ high levels of redundancy, dynamic redundancy management and complex fault and error recovery techniques. It is precisely this flexibility and adaptability inherent in fault tolerant computer systems that makes analysis problematic. In this tutorial, Dynamic Fault Tree (DFT) modeling techniques for handling these difficulties are described. In this tutorial we introduce the DFT approach and apply the special gates to the analysis of several example systems. Subsequent sections discuss fault coverage and its impact on reliability analysis. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: The DFT approach with an emphasis on applying the special gates to the analysis of several example systems; Fault coverage and its impact on reliability analysis.

Summary: This tutorial provides an overview of the different requirements for RF filters in next generation multi-band multi-standard radio platforms. It also presents the required RF filter characteristics in relation to 3G radio performance parameters and system requirements.

Summary: In typical radio-frequency (RF) front-end circuits, the passive components outnumber the active devices. They occupy a major fraction of the total circuit area, and their low quality factor (Q) limits the circuit performance. Furthermore, these (intended) passive components can easily be perturbed by the interconnects feeding into them and coupled together by the (unintended) magnetic fields around those interconnects, or by (unintended) capacitive currents through the silicon substrate. One therefore needs to cope with both the optimization of the passive components, as far as Q and chip area consumption go, and the minimization of the crosstalk effects. This tutorial illustrates the design principles that lead to optimized integrated passive components on the basis of maximum Q and optimum RF isolation. Taking the well-established hybrid RF systems on printed circuit board (PCB) as a reference, the most commonly used passive components are discussed, and RF isolation techniques at chip and package level are explained.

Summary: This course reviews key RF transmitter power amplifier linearization issues. The underlying power amplifier nonlinearity problem, that of the competing requirements of power amplifier efficiency and linear signal transmission paths for bandwidth efficient, modulation-complex signals, is presented, together with the linearization solution. Modern linearization schemes and where linearization research, and technology, is headed is addressed.

Summary: In this course you will learn how to apply the concept of Risk Management to your business or your organization in order to prevent your exposure to the risks of loss due to the various risk factors that are involved in any engineering disciplines: Electrical, Software, Computer, Environmental, Mechanical, Biotech, and even Packaging. You will also learn how to use various controls in order to mitigate the severity of losses when they do occur. This course is grouped into six topics. They are professional liability, risk identification and evaluation, loss prevention (including quality management) and loss control, new business (adjusting to change), contracts, and documentation. After completing this course, you will be able to: identify risk factors, implement loss prevention techniques, and deal with changes in the risk management context.

Summary: The silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) is the first practical bandgap-engineered device to be realized in silicon. This course will provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in SiGe HBTs and assess its potential for current and future wireless and wireline applications. SiGe HBT technology combines transistor performance competitive with III-V technologies such as GaAs and InP with the processing maturity, integration levels, yield, and cost commonly associated with conventional Si CMOS fabrication. First-generation SiGe HBTs can deliver: fT in excess of 50 GHz, fmax in excess of 70 GHz, minimum noise figure below 0.5 dB at 2.0 GHz, linearity efficiency (OIP3/Pdc) above 10, 1/f noise corner frequencies below 1 kHz, operation at cryogenic temperatures, excellent radiation hardness, as well as yield, reliability and cost comparable to Si. Aggressively-scaled SiGe HBTs can achieve greater than 200 GHz transistor-level performance, and thus are expected to enable Si-based solutions for >40 GB/sec data links and emerging RF, microwave, and even mm-wave systems.

Summary: This course covers the general area of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Initially the problems of localization, mapping and SLAM are introduced from a methodological point of view. Different methods for representation of uncertainty will be introduced including their ability to handle single and multi-mode uncertainty representations. A number of example applications are discussed.

Summary: Smart Fabrics and Interactive Textile (SFIT) based systems are conceived as the integration, into textile, of sensors, actuators, computing, and a power source, with the whole being part of an interactive communication network. Such systems could only be envisaged through a combination of advances in fields as fiber and polymer research, advanced material processing, microelectronics, signals processing, nanotechnologies, and telecommunication.Textile is the common platform where smart materials in the form of fibers are integrated; where the properties of the material are augmented through combination of chemical surfaces processes; and where the structure of the fabric allows the use of redundant sensor configurations.

Promising recent developments in material processing, device design and system configuration enable the scientific and industrial community to concentrate efforts on the realization of smart textiles.

This course will discussion the use of textile materials for sensing functions. Textile technology for sensors fabrication will be presented. Methods for characterizations will also be discussed and examples of specific applications will be presented. The course will also provide an overview of future developments.

Summary: This course provides an overview of the subject of software safety as it relates to the safety of the overall computing system. In particular, learners will gain an understanding of the various software safety standards used in the aircraft industry, traditional safety analysis techniques, and current research and development efforts in the field. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: The difference between Safety, Security and Reliability; The difference between Software, Hardware and Data Safety; The role of various Safety Standards (DO-178B, DO-254, ARP 4761, ARP 4754, etc.); Current safety analysis techniques (FMEA, FTA, etc.); Emerging computer safety trends

Summary: This course presents an introduction as well as reference materials for professionals working in solid-state lighting. Course materials include the operating principles, device physics, fabrication, and applications of light-emitting diodes. Course materials also include a detailed discussion of daylight illumination sources, planckian sources, human vision, eye sensitivity, photometric and radiometric quantities, and color rendering capabilities of light sources. After completing this course you should be able to develop and understanding of: The operating principles of light-emitting diodes; The principles of human vision, planckian sources, photometric and radiometric quantities, color rendering, and the color-rendering index; Areas for present and future applications of solid-state lighting devices.

Summary: Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is an advanced signal processing methodology for the Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode of airborne and spaceborne surveillance radar systems. It is used to mitigate motion-induced spread-Doppler clutter that interferes with the echo from ground targets. This course will develop and clearly illustrate the GMTI problem from first principles, showing the need for STAP processing. Traditional STAP processing solutions will be derived from a detection probabilistic perspective - the most pertinent metric for radar.

Summary: In the context of a rich scattering environment, employing multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver provides a capacity increase that is linear in the minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This seminal result of Foschini & Gans and Teletar has opened the new field of space-time communications. In this tutorial we introduce the key concepts of space-time communications, focusing on transmission in a quasistatic channel for which a good estimate of channel state information is available at the receiver but not the transmitter. Both low-latency (trellis codes) and high-latency (LDPC codes) solutions will be presented. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: Capacity potential provided by multiple antennas; Layered transmission systems such as DBLAST; Rank and determinant criteria for space-time trellis codes with good average performance in Rayleigh fading; The Alamouti construction and the theory of orthogonal designs; Universal space-time trellis codes for environments where fading is not Rayleigh; Space-time communications using LDPC codes.

Summary: The real world is different from engineering school and engineers can benefit from learning soft skills to complement their technical skills. This tutorial is designed to help younger engineers and emerging project managers learn the soft skills that are important to be more effective in today's fast-paced world. The soft skills include: decision-making, setting priorities, running meetings, speaking, writing and listening more effectively, running teams and negotiating.

Summary: This course is based on the dozen nontechnical soft skills covered in Carl's book "Stuff you Don't Learn in Engineering School: Skills for Success in the Real World" (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2004). Perhaps the best single overview of the content ... a quote from Tom O'Neill, CEO of Parsons Brinckerhoff, on his giving the book to Dartmouth's 150 engineering graduates in 2005: "It is a good, useful publication about something that I believe very strongly. I was happy to see that someone has written a book about something that should be a fundamental precept for success in the world of engineering, and I was happy to share it with some young people who will shape the world for the next 40 years."

These materials are designed to help younger engineers and emerging project managers -- indeed, engineers in all disciplines and all professionals -- learn the soft skills that are important to be more effective and happier in the real world.

Summary: This course is based on the dozen nontechnical soft skills covered in Carl's book "Stuff you Don't Learn in Engineering School: Skills for Success in the Real World" (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2004). Perhaps the best single overview of the content ... a quote from Tom O'Neill, CEO of Parsons Brinckerhoff, on his giving the book to Dartmouth's 150 engineering graduates in 2005: "It is a good, useful publication about something that I believe very strongly. I was happy to see that someone has written a book about something that should be a fundamental precept for success in the world of engineering, and I was happy to share it with some young people who will shape the world for the next 40 years."

These materials are designed to help younger engineers and emerging project managers -- indeed, engineers in all disciplines and all professionals -- learn the soft skills that are important to be more effective and happier in the real world.

Summary: This course - the second in a series of three - discusses several approaches to the first and third problems of clustering identified in module I - viz., pre-clustering tendency assessment and post-clustering cluster validation. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students majoring in engineering and science, and practicing engineers and scientists interested in either research about or applications of clustering to real world problems such as data mining, image analysis and bioinformatics. Some of subject matter in this course is available in textbooks (most notably some of the material about cluster validity functionals), and some of the subject matter is the object of (my) current research. The references contain pointers to some excellent papers on these topics, and on a number of related or competitive methods that have been proposed and studied by others. I begin with a simple numerical example that establishes the necessity for both assessment and validity. Then, I discuss the visual assessment of tendency family of algorithms (VAT, sVAT and coVAT). These algorithms produce images that enable a user to make useful guesses about the number of clusters to seek in relational data before proceeding with a partitioning method for finding the clusters. Since object data can always be converted to relational form by computing pair wise distances, these methods are well defined for all types of unlabeled numerical data. The coVAT algorithm provides a means for estimating the number of clusters in each of the four problems associated with rectangular relational data: row clusters, column clusters, joint (pure) clusters, and mixed co-clusters. The second half of this course presents some examples of cluster validation using scalar measures or indices of cluster validity. Several examples from each of the three major categories (crisp, fuzzy and probabilistic) of indices are presented. This course concludes with a numerical example that compares 23 indices of all three types on clusters in 12 sets of data drawn from mixtures of Gaussian distributions having either 3 or 6 components. (SOME) indices of all three types do pretty well in this example, while others do very badly. I don't think this problem has a general "solution", but since we use clustering in many, many applications, we keep trying to find good indices to validate algorithmic outputs.

Summary: Terahertz sensing technology has a promise of many breakthrough and enabling applications including detection of biological and chemical hazardous agents, cancer detection, detection of mines and explosives, enhancement of people, building, and airport security, covert communications (in THz and sub-THz windows), and applications in radioastronomy and space research. This tutorial will review the famous THz gap and the-state-of-the-art of existing THz sources, detectors, and sensing systems. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: THz sensing of biological material; Broadband THz reflection and transmission detection of concealed objects; THz explosive identification; THz nanocomposite spectroscopy; THz remote sensing.

Summary: This course provides a clear understanding of the principles of delta-sigma (ΔΣ) converter operation-analog to digital and digital to analog. It introduces the best computer-aided analysis and design techniques available. The course uses simplified methods to illustrate complicated concepts such as spectral estimation and switched noise.

Summary: Most engineers become managers in their careers, and typically they are unprepared for the transition. This tutorial offers the audience the knowledge and tools needed to quickly gain skill and confidence in the world of management. This transition calls for the engineer to exercise six core principles that are critical for success as a manager which are: Mastering Relationships; Seeing the Big Picture; Getting Things Done; Communicating Effectively; Using Assets Wisely, and Taking It to the Next Level.

Summary: This course describes the state-of-the-art of tunable lasers, tunable laser technologies and control of tunable lasers. It also includes a brief introduction to the basics of semiconductor lasers, as well as background on DFB lasers, in particular how a grating works as a wavelength selective element in DFB and DBR lasers. Tuning mechanisms and tuning properties will be described, and the operation of modified structures with extended tuning range will be explained, including sampled gratings and super structure gratings. The properties of codirectional couplers and the use of these in tunable lasers will be discussed. Devices such as external cavity lasers, wavelength selectable lasers, and tunable VCSELs, will also be described. Throughout the course numerous examples of laser structures from the recent technical literature will be presented. Practical issues such as characterization, operation, and control of tunable lasers, as well as switching speed and reliability, will be included.

Summary: This course will have a large impact on a large audience as handling uncertainties will be a very important challenge to any real world application that operate in real world changing and dynamic environments. The course will present the theoretical aspects of type-2 FLCs and how to build a type-2 FLC. The course will also present many applications in different areas ranging from Control of Marine Diesel Engines, Autonomous Outdoor mobile Robots as well as Embedded Agents and Ambient Intelligent Environments which deals with how we can embed very efficient computational intelligence and type-2 techniques in small computing and memory platforms. The course will present a very clear description of type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs), their design and their various application in handling the uncertainties in various real world applications. Different examples will be provided.

Summary: This tutorial traces UWB technology through history, regulations, standards, system implementations and commercial applications. Methods of generating and modulating UWB signals are described and set in the context of UWB proposals for IEEE802 Standards. UWB antenna, radiation, and propagation phenomena, including unique behavior in multipath, are presented in contrast with narrow band radio. Examples of UWB link margins including data throughput versus range and system data capacity (up to 2 Gb/s) are compared with conventional and much higher power 802.11a/b systems. The future of UWB is a mix of wireless communications, precision positioning and radar. UWB can enable an accurate indoor adjunct to GPS with centimeter accuracy. Discussions of applications show that UWB capabilities make possible delivery of location-specific content and information, tracking of high value assets, security systems and various automotive and interesting home based location awareness systems.

Summary: This course reviews the present-day on-chip wiring design practices and the special characteristics of on-chip lossy transmission lines. The deficiencies of present-day RC-circuit-representation-based designs and tools are highlighted through relevant examples. Guidelines are given for how to use controlled transmission line structures and design practices are discussed for best optimizing the wiring structure and design methodologies to circumvent the negative effects and best utilize the transmission line properties in the framework of improved technological advances. CAD tool development needs are explained for wire-aware chip architecture and for migrating to performance-driven routers and layout with R(f)L(f)C interconnect representation. The large, integrated chips that are including major portions of the overall system are inheriting all the problems that package designers have faced for many years. It is explained how the system-on-chip concept needs to adopt and adapt the tools, understanding, and practices used for designing chip-to-chip interconnections.

Summary: This course delves further into the present-day on-chip wiring design practices and the special characteristics of on-chip lossy transmission lines. A new technique is described for reducing computational complexity and improving accuracy of combined power distribution and interconnect noise prediction for wide, on-chip data-buses. The methodology uses lossy transmission-line power-blocks with frequency-dependent properties and the interaction between delta-I noise, common-mode noise, and crosstalk and their effect on timing is illustrated with simulations using representative driver and receiver circuits and on-chip interconnections.

Summary: This tutorial considers the fundamental issues that need to be addressed by innovators and their organizations as they attempt to use innovation as a means for sustaining high-levels of performance. This tutorial is divided into two sections, the first deals with capturing the innovator's spirit and the second covers how to develop a culture that fosters innovation. The course characterizes the scope and complexity of being the innovator from a systems perspective; presents a set of concepts and tools that can be applied in formulating, evaluating, and implementing innovation - as related to the innovator; and raises the importance of the innovation process, not only the understanding and promotion of innovation, but doing innovation. Finally, the course reviews the skills necessary for understanding the nature of technological uncertainty and the issues that determine success or failure.

Summary: This tutorial will cover how to optimize transmission of OFDM by taking a look at: Pulse Shaping, Guard Time; Coded OFDM; Peak Power Problem and Remedies; Multicarrier CDMA.

Summary: A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of a large number of sensors which are extremely small, low-cost, and low-power devices that collect environmental data (acoustics, light, temperature, humidity, imaging, etc.) that is then communicated through radio or optical means to infrastructure processing nodes. WSNs may consist of up to thousands of nodes, which can be deployed in very high density, in homes, highways, buildings, cities, and infrastructures for monitoring and/or controlling purposes. Applications may range from detecting and monitoring occurrences of natural disasters and homeland security, to military surveillance. This introduction to emerging WSN applications reveals how developments in micro- and nanotechnology have aided advancements in WSNs and highlights implementation of several real systems that hint of tomorrow's potential.

Summary: As one of the few rising stars of the semiconductor industry, WLAN design is engaging more and more engineers and companies. Essential to the overall system design, is the radio design. This tutorial will introduce the various flavors of the 802.11 WLAN PHY standards (A/B/G) and describe their specifications and impact on the radio design. The possible choices for the radio architecture (direct-conversion, low-IF, super-heterodyne) are examined and their impact on the transistor-level design will be studied. The emphasis of this tutorial is on practical aspects of design for wireless LAN radios. After completing this course you should be able to develop an understanding of: What WLAN is; 802.11b/a/g radio requirements and specifications; Radio architectures for WLAN; Impact on cost and power consumption; Choice of process technology; Analog impairments; 802.11 system performance in the presence of analog impairments; Key building blocks and calibration techniques.