Entering Search Keywords

The following conventions govern how you enter search keywords:

• Capitalization: IEEE Xplore searches for items regardless of capitalization.

• Keyword phrases: IEEE Xplore interprets multiple keywords as a phrase.

• Stem variations: IEEE Xplore looks for plural and suffixed forms of any keywords entered. For example, if you enter cable, IEEE Xplore also looks for words like cables and cabling. See Searching for an Exact Word or Phrase if you do not want IEEE Xplore to search for variations.

• Punctuation: IEEE Xplore ignores most punctuation. For example, if you search for solid-state, IEEE Xplore looks for "solid-state", "solid state", and "solid_state", as well as any other occurrences of "solid state" with punctuation between the two words.

• Special characters: In IEEE Xplore, the following characters have special meaning in free-form search queries, so do not use them in your search keywords:

, ( ) @ [ ] { } < >

• Note: Special characters such as mathematical expressions and European special characters are converted within document titles. For example the Alpha character appears as /spl alpha/. When searching for these characters, enter your search without the forward slashes as "spl alpha".