Phased array calibration procedures based on measured element patterns

A technique to compensate for differences in the element patterns of an array antenna is presented and discussed in comparison with previously published procedures. It follows the classical approach of correcting the array output vector by multiplication by a decoupling matrix to achieve a more or less unperturbed array response. The technique is applicable to linear as well as planar arrays and allows a rather flexible choice of the calibration points. The performance is demonstrated by a simulation based on a numerical analysis with the method of moments and a practical application to a Ku-band digital beamforming array.