The impact of the coincidence of STOR and triad events on STOR provider's net-income considering load recovery characteristics

Demand side response (DSR) providers must consider several factors when participating in grid services by demand reduction. Considering the GB network this investigation analyses the net income probabilities due to the coincidence of DSR calls for system balancing with peak demand charges and the influence of demand recovery characteristics on this. This work develops a statistical model of STOR based on published market data and a demand model that calculates the Triad charge and the income from STOR provision, as well as the distribution use of system (DUoS) charges and energy costs. Using these models with historical Triad data, this paper illustrates the statistical spread of financial revenue to the STOR provider due to the timing of STOR and Triad periods. The model is also used to investigate the influence of demand recovery shapes on the provider's net income. This could be used in assessing whether demand recovery shape is an important consideration for the provider's DSR strategy.