A Battery-Less Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With 35 mV Startup Voltage

A battery-less thermoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit to extract electrical energy from human body heat is implemented in a 0.35 CMOS process. A mechanically assisted startup circuit enables operation of the system from input voltages as low as 35 mV. An efficient control circuit that performs maximal transfer of the extracted energy to a storage capacitor and regulates the output voltage at 1.8 V is presented.