Transformation Electromagnetic Design of an Embedded Monopole in a Ground Recess for Conformal Applications

A radiation configuration is designed for a monopole antenna embedded within transformation media and buried inside a recess in a conducting ground plane. Both the ground plane near the base of the antenna and the antenna itself, which are physically located inside a recess, are mapped to a virtual location above the ground plane by a negative-index material block. The directivity pattern is identical to that of a monopole on a flat ground plane, radiating the maximum vertically polarized field in the horizon. Radiation characteristics are tolerant to small variations in material parameters from ideal values. Estimates for pattern and impedance bandwidths are provided based on numerical simulations.