The electrical conductivity of weight diluted and concentrated standard seawater as a function of salinity and temperature

The ratios
R_{s,t,o}
of electrical conductivity of seawater samples of precisely known salinity to standard seawater at the same temperature have been measured over a wide range of salinities from 0 to
42\permil
S and over the full range of oceanic temperatures from -2 to
35\deg
C. The samples with
S<35\permil
were prepared by accurate weight dilution of standard seawater with distilled water. High salinity samples were prepared by fast evaporation of standard seawater and subsequent weight dilution into the already determined <
35\permil
range. An equation was derived which expresses the S versus
R_{s,t,o}
relationship very precisely from
1-42\permil
and at all temperatures, i.e.,
S = f_{1}(R_{s,t,o}) + f_{2}(R_{s, t,o},t) =\Sigma_{n=0}^{5} a_{n}R^{n/2}+ \frac{\Delta t}{1+k\Delta t} \Sigma_{n=0}^{5} b_{n}R^{n/2}
where
\Delta t = t-15\deg
C,
R = R_{s, t.o}
; only the first term
f_{1}
is required at
15\deg
C. The effeet of temperature on the electrical conductivity of standard seawater was also measured. The ratio
r_{t}
of the conductivity at temperature
t
to the conductivity at
15\deg
C (
C_{35,t, o}/C_{35,15,o}
) is very aeenrately expressed by a fourth degree equation in
t
. i.e,
r_{t}=\Sigma_{n=0}^{4} c_{n}t^{n}
These two equations are sufficient for all salinity determinations at normal atmospheric pressure.