Parameter extraction of composite right / left handed (CRLH) transmission line unit cell using off resonance method

This paper presents a novel technique for parameter extraction of a CRLH unit cell using off resonance method. The classical technique results in a set of four undetermined equations with six unknowns. Two additional equations are then obtained by differentiation, thus requiring the solution of non-homogeneous differential equations. In this paper we propose an off resonance method that uses linear approximation along with a de-embedded two port measurement to obtain closed form equations independent of derivatives. The procedure is then verified by parameter extraction of a CRLH unit cell available in literature, operating at 3.9 GHz. The proposed method gives a simple and efficient procedure for parameter extraction of the CRLH unit cell for metamaterial based microwave applications.