Robust adaptive wideband beamforming with combined frequency response invariance and eigenvector constraints

A robust beamforming scheme for the processing of wideband signals against direction of arrival (DOA) estimation errors with frequency response invariant property is proposed, where a response variation (RV) element is invoked to control the consistency of the beamformer's response over the frequency range of interest, simultaneously the eigenvector constraints are combined together to overcome the manifold errors caused by the DOA mismatch.