Analysis of conventional/improved delta modulators as switched dynamical systems

This paper studies dynamics of the delta modulators (DM) and its improvement. The dynamics can be simplified into a 1-D return map, a simple differential equation. Using the return map, we clarify the mechanism for the non-synchronous operation and pulse-dropping phenomenon theoretically. We present a stabilization method of the synchronous phenomena using periodic compulsory switchings. Using a simple test circuit, typical operations are verified in the laboratory.