Dependence of film morphology on growth rate in ITO/TPD/Alq/sub 3//Al organic luminescent diodes

In this paper, we study about the effect of growth kinetics, governed by deposition conditions, on the formation of pinholes is studied in order to optimize the film growth conditions. The morphology of the resultant film observed under an SEM and AFM. Surface morphology of thermal evaporated TPD/Alq/sub 3/double layer show strong dependence on the evaporation rate, and the high evaporation rate, which result in dense and texture films, is more for the illumination of organic luminescent diode.