TO-CCII based voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter

In this paper, a novel single-input three-output (SITO) voltage-mode (VM) universal biquadratic filter employing a single triple-output second-generation current conveyor (TO-CCII), two grounded capacitors and four resistors, is presented. The proposed topology offers the realization of all the standard filter transfer functions (TFs). The non-ideality and parasitic effects of the active element on the TF of the proposed filter are investigated in detail. The proposed filter is tested in time and frequency domains with SPICE simulations.