Automotive engine control and hybrid systems: challenges andopportunities
Balluchi, A.; Benvenuti, L.; di Benedetto, M.D.; Pinello, C.; Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.L.
Proceedings of the IEEE
Volume 88, Issue 7, Jul 2000 Page(s):888 - 912
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/5.871300
Summary:The design of engine control systems has been traditionally
carried out using a mix of heuristic techniques validated by simulation
and prototyping using approximate average-value models. However, the
ever increasing demands on passengers' comfort, safety, emissions, and
fuel consumption imposed by car manufacturers and regulations call for
more robust techniques and the use of cycle-accurate models. We argue
that these models must be hybrid because of the combination of
time-domain and event-based behaviors. We present a hybrid model of the
engine in which both continuous and discrete time-domain as well as
event-based phenomena are modeled in a separate but integrated manner.
Based on this model, we formalize the specification of the overall
engine control by defining a number of hybrid control problems. To cope
with the difficulties arising in the design of hybrid controllers, a
design methodology is proposed. This methodology consists of a
relaxation of the hybrid problem by simplifying some of its components
to obtain a solvable problem,and then deriving a solution to the
original control problem by appropriately modifying the control law so
obtained to take into consideration the original specifications and
models. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated on three
challenging problems: fast force-transient control, cutoff control, and
idle speed control
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